بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
كشف الشبهات
And yet, Allah, the Most High, has favoured us with His Book, which He has made, “An explanation of everything, a guidance, and a mercy and glad tidings for the Muslims.” [An-Nahl 16:89]. So no person of falsehood comes with an argument except that the Qur’an contains that which will demolish it and explain its futility, just as He, the Most High, stated, “And they do not bring you an example except that We reveal to you the Truth (against that example of theirs) and the better explanation of it.” [Al-Furqan 25:33]. Some of the Tafseer Scholars said, “This verse is general; encompassing every proof which the people of falsehood bring up until the Day of Judgement.”
-> Allah has favoured us with the Qur’an which is clear explanation of all the doubts the people of falsehood raise. All the deviated sects base their false methodology on an evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah. If you do not know how to refute them with the appropriate Qur’an verses you will get confused.
-> Any student of knowledge who is well versed in the Qur’an and Sunnah can look into the books of the other sects and refute their claims. This is not suitable for the common person because it may cause more doubts for them.
And I will mention to you some matters from that which Allah has mentioned in His Book, in response to the speech which the polytheists seek to use as evidence against us in our time. So we say: The response to the people of falsehood is from two angles: The General Answer and the Specific Answer.
At the time of Shaikh Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, Shirk was prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula. When he came calling them to worship Allah alone and to Tawheed Al-Uloohiyah, it was something strange for them. They thought that as long as they believed in Tawheed ar-Ruboobiyah, they were considered Muslims.
The response to the people of falsehood is of two ways: Generally and Detailed.
The General Answer
As for the general answer, then this is a tremendous matter - something of great benefit to the one who understands it - and this is His statement, the Most High: “It is He who has revealed to you the Book. In it are Aayat which are Muhkamaat - and these are the foundation of the Book. And the other (verses) are Mutashaabihat. So as for those who heart is deviation, then they follow that which is Mutashaabihah from it, seeking al-Fitnah (trials) and seeking its Ta’weel. And none knows it’s Ta’weel except Allah.”
This general answer covers all the deviancies.
In Surah Aal-Imran [3:7]:
هُوَ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُّحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ ۖ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ ۗ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۗ وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ
“It is He Who has sent down to you (Muhammad) the Book (this Quran). In it are Verses that are entirely clear, they are the foundations of the Book [and those are the Verses of Al-Ahkam (commandments, etc.), Al-Fara'id (obligatory duties) and Al-Hudud (legal laws for the punishment of thieves, adulterers, etc.)]; and others not entirely clear. So as for those in whose hearts there is a deviation (from the truth) they follow that which is not entirely clear thereof, seeking Al-Fitnah (polytheism and trials, etc.), and seeking for its hidden meanings, but none knows its hidden meanings save Allah. And those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in it; the whole of it (clear and unclear Verses) are from our Lord." And none receive admonition except men of understanding. (Tafsir At-Tabari).”
The Qur’an has been described in the Qur’an as being:
1) محكم (Perfect)
All of the Qur’an is محكم. Allah says in Surah Hud [11:1]:
الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِن لَّدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ
“Alif-Lam-Ra. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Quran and none but Allah (Alone) knows their meanings]. (This is) a Book, the Verses whereof are perfected (in every sphere of knowledge, etc.), and then explained in detail from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise and Well-Acquainted (with all things).“
It is truthful in what it has come of news. Its rulings are fair and just. Its wordings are perfect and eloquent. It is perfect in all aspects.
2) متشابه (Having parts which resemble one another)
In Surah az-Zumar [39:23]:
اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُّتَشَابِهًا مَّثَانِ
“Allah has sent down the best statement, a Book (this Quran), its parts resembling each other in goodness and truth, oft-repeated.”
The parts of the Qur’an resemble each other in their beauty, eloquence, and perfection. They are in conformity and there is no discrepancies or contradictions in them.
3) محكم و متشابه (Comprising of Clear and Unclear Verses)
The evidence for this is in the aforementioned verse in Surah Aal-Imran.
The متشابهات (unclear verses) are of two kinds:
a) One kind which is unclear to all people
E.g. The reality of the attributes of Allah. Allah mentioned that He rose over the Throne; no one knows how.
E.g. Nobody knows about the true reality of the delights of Paradise and the punishment of Hellfire. It is beyond our level of understanding and imagination. The Prophet ﷺ said in a Hadith:
فيها مالا عين رأت، ولا أذن سمعت، ولا خطر على قلب بشر
“There will be bounties which no eye has seen, no ear has heard and no human heart has ever perceived.”
[Al-Bukhari]
b) Unclear to certain people
The meaning of these verses are known to the Scholars.
There are two ways of reading the verse:
If you stop at الله in the verse, it means that it is only known to Allah and the meaning is unclear to everyone else.
If you stop at الراسخون بالعلم it means that it is known to Allah and to those well established it knowledge but unclear to others.
As-Sa’di and Shaikh Saleh Al-Fawzan mentioned that if you want to answer any unclear doubt, always refer to the متشابه (the unclear verses) to the محكم (clear verses).
E.g. A Christian says, “How do you Muslims say you do not believe in trinity, and you read in your book “إن أنزلناه في ليلة القدر” and it is in plural form?”
This is a متشابه (unclear verse). We should refer to the محكم to refute this. Allah, for example, says in Surah Al-Ikhlas [112:1]:
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
“Say (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)): "He is Allah, (the) One.”
Bukhari mentioned in Kitab At-Tafseer when explaining the verse in Surah Qadr, the Arabs used to use the plural form as an affirmation, and whenever a great person would speak he would use the plural form.
And it is authentically established from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said: “When you see those who follow that from it which is unclear then these people are the ones whom Allah has named (in this verse), so beware of them.” [Bukhari and Muslim]
Why do they follow what is unclear? “ابتغاء الفتنة و ابتغاء تأويله” (Seeking to cause Fitnah and misinterpret it)
Assignment:
One of the Khawarij’s belief is that whoever commits major sins will be in Hell forever, this is why they believe it is lawful to kill them. They use Surah an-Nisa [4:93] as an evidence. How do you refute this claim?
Comments
Post a Comment