بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
7/11/1438
Part 6 - Verses 66 to 95 - The Doubts of the Disbelievers and the Refutation for them
Doubt #1 - Denial of the Resurrection
In Verse 66:
And man (the disbeliever) says: "When I am dead, shall I then be raised up alive?"
Doubt #2 - Equating Worldly Riches to Success in the Hereafter
In Verse 73:
And when Our Clear Verses are recited to them, those who disbelieve (the rich and strong among the pagans of Quraish who live a life of luxury) say to those who believe (the weak, poor companions of Prophet Muhammad SAW who have a hard life): "Which of the two groups (i.e. believers and disbelievers) is best in (point of) position and as regards station (place of council for consultation)."
Allah said in Surah Al-Fajr [89:15-17]:
As for man, when his Lord tries him by giving him honour and gifts, then he says (puffed up): "My Lord has honoured me."
But when He tries him, by straitening his means of life, he says: "My Lord has humiliated me!"
"Nay!...."
This is a wrong scale of measurement. Just because Allah has given you wealth, money, and children in this life, it does not mean you will have a good life in the Hereafter. Similarly, being poor does not mean you will have a bad life in the Hereafter.
Doubt #3 - Thinking that one will be successful in the Hereafter because of owning worldly riches whilst being disobedient to Allah
In Verse 77:
Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat (this Quran and Muhammad) and (yet) says: "I shall certainly be given wealth and children [if I will be alive (again)],"
Doubt #4 - Associating partners with Allah seeking honour and glory.
In Verse 81:
"And they have taken (for worship) aliha (gods) besides Allah, that they might give them honour, power and glory (and also protect them from Allah's Punishment etc.)."
Doubt #5 - Ascribing a son to Allah
In Verse 88:
And they say: "The Most Beneficent (Allah) has begotten a son (or offspring or children) [as the Jews say: 'Uzair (Ezra) is the son of Allah, and the Christians say that He has begotten a son ['Iesa (Christ) ], and the pagan Arabs say that He has begotten daughters (angels, etc.)]."
This is suitable to the end of the Surah, because in the beginning of Surah we read about the story of 'Eesa عليه السلام.
These are the 5 doubts of the disbelievers mentioned in this Surah which Allah refutes and clarifies.
Part #2 - Verses 16 to 40 - The Mercy of Allah upon Maryam and her Son عليه السلام
(Pillars of Faith)
Verse 16:
"And mention in the Book (the Quran, O Muhammad , the story of) Maryam (Mary), when she withdrew in seclusion from her family to a place facing east."
Belief in the Books
1) "في الكتاب" - In the Book (I.e. The Qur’an)
Verse 17:
"She placed a screen (to screen herself) from them; then We sent to her Our Ruh [angel Jibrael (Gabriel)], and he appeared before her in the form of a man in all respects."
Belief in Allah
1) فأرسلنا (We sent)
Belief in the Angels
1) "روحنا"
This refers to the Angel Jibreel
Verse 18:
She said: "Verily! I seek refuge with the Most Beneficent (Allah) from you, if you do fear Allah."
Belief in Allah:
1) The name of Allah "الرحمن" (Ar-Rahman) which has been repeated 16 times in this Surah
Verse 19:
"(The angel) said: "I am only a Messenger from your Lord, (to announce) to you the gift of a righteous son."
Belief in Allah:
1) "ربك"
The Ruboobiyah of Allah is to believe in the actions of Allah, and one of Allah's actions is that He sent a messenger to Maryam to give her the glad tidings of a son.
Belief in the Angels
1) رسول ربك (A Messenger from your Lord)
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) "غلام"
This boy was 'Eesa عليه السلام
Verse 20:
She said: "How can I have a son, when no man has touched me, nor am I unchaste?"
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) "غلام"
Verse 21:
He said: "So (it will be), your Lord said: 'That is easy for Me (Allah): And (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind and a mercy from Us (Allah), and it is a matter (already) decreed, (by Allah).”
Belief in Allah:
1) "ربك" - The Name of Allah الرب
2) "هو علي هيئن" - One of the actions of Allah, that everything is easy in front of Him.
3) "لنجعله" - One of the actions of Allah is that He appointed him as a sign
4) "رحمة منا" - One of the attributes of Allah is mercy
Belief in the Qadar:
1) "و كان أمر مقضيا"
Verse 24:
"Then [the babe 'Iesa (Jesus) or Jibrael (Gabriel)] cried unto her from below her, saying: "Grieve not! Your Lord has provided a water stream under you;"
Belief in Allah:
1) ربك - The Name of Allah الرب
Belief in the Messengers
Belief in the Angels
It was either Jibreel عليه السلام or 'Eesa عليه السلام that said this.
Verse 26:
"So eat and drink and be glad, and if you see any human being, say: 'Verily! I have vowed a fast unto the Most Beneficent (Allah) so I shall not speak to any human being this day.”"
Belief in Allah:
1) الرحمن
Verse 27:
"Then she brought him (the baby) to her people, carrying him. They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a thing Fariya (an unheard mighty thing)."
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) She was carrying 'Eesa عليه السلام
Verse 28:
"O sister (i.e. the like) of Harun (Aaron) [not the brother of Musa (Moses), but he was another pious man at the time of Maryam (Mary)]! Your father was not a man who used to commit adultery, nor your mother was an unchaste woman."
“يأخت هارون” (O Sister of Harun)
This was not Harun عليه السلام; the brother of Musa عليه السلام. There was nearly two hundred years before Musa عليه السلام and Eesa عليه السلام. Her brother was called Harun because they used to name their children after the Prophets.
Verse 29:
Then she pointed to him. They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?"
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) فأشارت إليه
She pointed to 'Eesa عليه السلام
Verse 30:
He ['Iesa (Jesus)] said: Verily! I am a slave of Allah, He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet;
Belief in Allah
1) "آتاني" - (Allah gave Eesa the Book)
2) "جعلني" - (Allah made him a Prophet)
Belief in the Books
1) "آتَانِي الكتاب"
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) 'Eesa عليه السلام
Verse 31:
"And He has made me blessed wheresoever I be, and has enjoined on me Salat (prayer), and Zakat, as long as I live."
Belief in Allah
1) "جعلني" - (Allah made Eesa blessed)
2) "أوصاني" - (Allah enjoined the prayer and Zakat on him)
Ask Allah to make you a blessed person. البركة comes from Him. That is why 'Eesa عليه السلام did not say, "I am blessed" but he said, "Allah made me blessed"
Verse 32:
"And dutiful to my mother, and made me not arrogant, unblest."
Belief in Allah
1) "و لم يحعلني" (Allah did not make Eesa arrogant or wretched)
This is a negated action of Allah
Verse 33:
"And Salam (peace) be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!"
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) “السلام علي” (Peace be upon Eesa)
Belief in the Last Day
1) "أبعث"
Verse 34:
"Such is 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). (it is) a statement of truth, about which they doubt (or dispute)."
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) Eesa عليه السلام
Verse 35:
"It befits not (the Majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son [this refers to the slander of Christians against Allah, by saying that 'Iesa (Jesus) is the son of Allah]. Glorified (and Exalted be He above all that they associate with Him). When He decrees a thing, He only says to it, "Be!" and it is."
Belief in Allah:
1) The Name "الله"
2) "قضى أمرا" - One of the actions of Allah is that He decrees
3) "يقول" - One of the actions of Allah is that He speaks. This verse is an evidence for that.
Belief in the Qadar
1) "قضى"
Verse 36:
"['Iesa (Jesus) said]: "And verily Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (Alone). That is the Straight Path. (Allah's Religion of Islamic Monotheism which He did ordain for all of His Prophets)." [Tafsir At-Tabari]"
Belief in Allah:
1) الله
2) ربي، ربكم
Verse 37:
"Then the sects differed [i.e. the Christians about 'Iesa (Jesus) ], so woe unto the disbelievers [those who gave false witness by saying that 'Iesa (Jesus) is the son of Allah] from the meeting of a great Day (i.e. the Day of Resurrection, when they will be thrown in the blazing Fire)."
Belief in the Last Day
1) "مشهد يوم عظيم"
Verse 38:
"How clearly will they (polytheists and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah) see and hear, the Day when they will appear before Us! But the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers) today are in plain error."
Belief in the Last Day
Allah is describing the Day of Judgement and the state of the wrongdoers on that day
Verse 39:
"And warn them (O Muhammad) of the Day of grief and regrets, when the case has been decided, while (now) they are in a state of carelessness, and they believe not."
Belief in the Last Day:
1) يوم الحسرة - This is one of the names of the Day of Judgement
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
1) "أنذرهم" - One of the tasks of the Prophet ﷺ is to warn. Allah sent him as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner.
Verse 40:
"Verily! We will inherit the earth and whatsoever is thereon. And to Us they all shall be returned,"
Belief in Allah:
1) "نرث" - One of the actions of Allah is that He inherits everything on the earth.
Part #2 - Verses 16 to 40 - The Mercy of Allah upon Maryam and her Son عليه السلام
Q. Why did Maryam wish for death after having previously received the glad tidings of a pure son who would be a Messenger?
Ibn ‘Abbas said she felt so because she felt shy of the people and was afraid of what they would say to her, and thus forgot the glad tidings of the angel that she will beget a son who will be a Messenger.
Q. Why was she ordered not to speak?
1) There is no benefit in her talk because they would not believe her no matter what she said. Therefore, Allah commanded her not to speak so that she would feel at rest.
Sometimes whatever you say to a person they will not believe you, so do not tire yourself with speaking. Show them the evidence instead.
2) Her son is going to speak instead of her and this will be the greatest evidence of her innocence.
3) They would have argued with her (الجدال). The Prophet ﷺ said:
أَنَا زَعِيمٌ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الْمِرَاءَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُحِقًّا
“I guarantee a house in the surroundings of Paradise for a man who avoids quarrelling even if he were in the right.” [Sunan Abi Dawud]
When two people argue no one is listening to the other. Even if you are speaking the truth but the other person is not listening and you have to repeat the same thing again and again, this is argumentation, so stop. Try to think of another way to let the other person know what they are doing is wrong. Argumentation wastes time and occupies your heart.
Verse 27:
“Then she brought him (the baby) to her people, carrying him. They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a thing Fariya (an unheard mighty thing)”
Allah gave her the courage to carry her baby and go to the people. When they saw her, the first thing they thought about was adultery.
Verse 28:
“O sister (i.e. the like) of Harun (Aaron) [not the brother of Musa (Moses), but he was another pious man at the time of Maryam (Mary)]! Your father was not a man who used to commit adultery, nor your mother was an unchaste woman."
Harun here is not Harun the brother of Musa because there are two or three centuries between them. They used to name their children with the names of the Prophets.
Verse 29:
“Then she pointed to him. They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?"
She did not speak because Allah commanded her to fast from speaking with them. She pointed to her son without any word.
Verse 30:
“He ['Iesa (Jesus)] said: Verily! I am a slave of Allah, He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet;"
The first thing ‘Eesa عليه السلام described himself is: “إني عبد الله” (I am a slave of Allah)
Instead of saying that his mother is innocent, he spoke about the worship of Allah. Removing the accusation to Allah is more important that removing the accusation towards his mother.
“ءاتاني الكتاب و جعلني نبيا”
Allah gave him the Injeel and made him one of the Prophets. This is how Allah perfected his favor upon Eesa عليه السلام.
Verse 31:
"And He has made me blessed wheresoever I be, and has enjoined on me Salat (prayer), and Zakat, as long as I live."
“و جعلني مباركا أينما كنت”
Allah perfect Eesa in himself by making him a Prophet and then the people around him. The blessed person benefits the people around him wherever he is.
The Scholars said the blessed person is the one who teaches people good. The blessing is in teaching good and enjoining good. Wherever this person sits he benefits the people around him.
“أوصاني بالصلاة و الزكاة مادمت حيا”
The greatest right of Allah is the prayer and the greatest right of the people is Zakat. If you are alive you have to fulfill the rights of Allah and the rights of the people until you die. Some of the Sufis believe that you worship Allah until you reach a certain level and then you can abandon praying. We have to worship Allah until we die.
Verse 32:
"And dutiful to my mother, and made me not arrogant, unblest.”
He does whatever he can to be dutiful to his mother and he is neither arrogant towards Allah nor unblessed towards the people.
Verse 33:
"And Salam (peace) be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!"
He invoked Allah to have peace upon him on the day he is born, the day he dies, and the day he will be resurrected again. These three moments are the greatest moments in the life of a person. When a person is born he is coming into this new life, and when he dies he is transitioning to a new life of Al-Barzakh where he sees the angels either giving him glad tidings or news of punishment, and finally from this life to the life of the Hereafter.
This shows us that he is a human being. He was born, will die, and be resurrected. He is not god and does not have any attributes of divinity. God shouldn’t change, thus when Ibrahim عليه السلام was making Da’wah to his people, he pointed out that the sun, moon, and stars set. Whenever you want Allah, He is there.
Allah also told us what Eesa will say on the Day of Judgement, as mentioned in the end of a Surah Al-Maa’idah [5:
Verse 34:
“Such is 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). (it is) a statement of truth, about which they doubt (or dispute).”
That is the story of Eesa عليه السلام who Allah decreed to be born without a father as a sign for the people.
We know that what Allah says is the truth without any doubt. But the Christians do not know the truth about Eesa. Sometimes they say he is god, other times the son of god, other times one of three. Most Christians do not know their own religion. That is why Allah says that this is the real story of Jesus and the truth about him. He is a Messenger and Prophet whom Allah sent as a miracle to show people the truth.
Verse 35:
“It befits not (the Majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son [this refers to the slander of Christians against Allah, by saying that 'Iesa (Jesus) is the son of Allah]. Glorified (and Exalted be He above all that they associate with Him). When He decrees a thing, He only says to it, "Be!" and it is.”
Allah is الغني الحميد مالك الملك. How can He take one of his slaves as a son? Having a son is an indication you are in need. We say in Surah Al-Ikhlas [112:1-3]:
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
Say (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)): "He is Allah, (the) One.
اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ
"Allah-us-Samad (The Self-Sufficient Master, Whom all creatures need, He neither eats nor drinks).
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ
He begets not, nor was He begotten;
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
And there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him."
Nothing is impossible for Allah, He can create a child without a father.
Verse 36:
“'Iesa (Jesus) said]: "And verily Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (Alone). That is the Straight Path. (Allah's Religion of Islamic Monotheism which He did ordain for all of His Prophets)." [Tafsir At-Tabari]”
This is a continuation of the statement of Eesa’ عليه السلام. If He is his Lord and our Lord, what should we do? Worship Him alone.
الرب is the One who created us, sustaining us, running our affairs. If we know that no one created us except Him and no one sustains us except Him and no one runs or affairs except Him then His right is to be worshipped alone.
Tawheed Ar-Ruboobiya: ربي و ربكم (My Lord and your Lord)
Tawheed Al-Uloohiyah: فاعبدوه (So worship Him)
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