Prostration - السجود
Hadith #234:
The Prophet ﷺ commanded us, thus it is obligatory for these limbs to touch the ground whilst we are in prostration. The 7 are:
1) The forehead and nose (which are considered one)
2) 3) Two palms
4) 5) Two knees
6) 7) The tips of the toes of the Two feet
The only exception is when you are sick, and unable to prostrate.
With regards to the ground:
1) It is not permissible to prostrate on a part of the limbs of prostration. For example, some people prostrate while their foreheads are touching the back of their hands.
2) You are allowed to prostrate on something seperate from you; like a prayer mat.
3) It is disliked to prostrate on a Niqab for example, except for need (such as when the ground is hot), where it becomes allowable.
Hadith #235:
Hadith #236:
You should keep your elbow away from your body when prostrating, with an exception: In congregational prayer. You will harm the person next to you if you do so.
If you put your elbow on the ground you would be doing افتراش السبع, which is a forbidden way of prostration (as mentioned in the previous class).
Hadith #237:
Allah allowed this knowledge to reach us complete. The companions even described the way the Prophet ﷺ put his fingers when he prostrated and bowed. In Surah Al-Maa'idah [5:3]:
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا ۚ
"...This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion..."
Allah preserved the Quran and Sunnah for us. The Sunnah is preserved through the chain of narrators, which is why the Scholars said that the chain of narrators is part of the Religion. And the Hadith Scholars thoroughly investigated each narrator for reliability.
Hadith #238:
Standing is a pillar if you are praying the obligatory prayer. You can pray voluntary prayers sitting (out of laziness), but will only receive half the reward. If you pray sitting because you are sick or are unable to stand you will get the full reward.
You sit cross-legged instead of the standing position, not as a substitute for the sittings (such as Tashahud or in between the two prostrations). So when you sit for these sittings, you do not sit cross-legged.
If you are praying on a chair - You do not need to pray on a pillow or have anything in front of you to put your forehead for prostration. For Rukoo' you bow your head, and for Sujood you bow your head lower than you did for Rukoo'.
What to say between the two prostrations
Hadith #239:
There is a longer supplication mentioned in Ibn Majah: رب اغفر لي وارحمني واجبرني وارزقني وارفعني
This supplication is comprehensive. If Allah answers it, all your needs will be met.
Should you sit before you stand up after Sujood or stand up straight away?
Hadith #240:
This is called جلسة إستراحة and refers to a brief sitting of rest before you standing up, either after the Sujood of the first Rak'ah or the third, because the second and fourth have Tashahud.
There are three opinions regarding this:
1) Some Scholars said that this sitting is Sunnah
2) Other Scholars say it is only Sunnah for those in need; the weak, old, pregnant, etc.
3) Other Scholars say it is not Sunnah or needed, but it can be done by those who cannot stand up directly.
The most correct opinion is the last. If, however, you saw someone do it or not do it, you do not need to question or forbid them from doing so, because they are all correct.
In congregational prayer, men should follow the Imam if he does so, otherwise they will precede him.
Qunoot in the Fajr Prayer
Hadith #241:
Where do you say it? After rising from Rukoo'
Some people believe that it is obligatory to perform Qunoot in Fajr and they perform it every day. One Hadith says that the Prophet ﷺ said it and stopped, another Hadith states that he always used to do it. The first Hadith is agreed upon, whilst the second Hadith is lesser in degree. We should take the stronger Hadith when two contradict. So you should make Qunoot at Fajr when needed, until the calamity ends. Allah and the Angels of the morning and evening witness the prayer at Fajr.
However, if the calamity is severe, you do it for all the prayers.
When the Muslims are in need, we ask Allah to help us. The Prophet ﷺ said:
مثل المؤمنين في توادهم وتراحمهم وتعاطفهم، مثل الجسد إذا اشتكى منه عضو تداعى له سائر الجسد بالسهر والحمى
"The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion and sympathy are just like one body. When one of the limbs suffers, the whole body responds to it with wakefulness and fever" [Agreed Upon]
Hadith #242:
If you pray behind an Imam who continuously makes Qunoot in Fajr, you should follow, to maintain the unity.
Hadith #243:
This Hadith also proves that it is Bid'ah to perform Qunoot all the time.
Qunoot in the Witr Prayer
Hadith #244:
Al-Hasan رضي الله عنه was 10 years old at the time, which means we should teach our children this supplication.
You ask Allah for:
1) Guidance - الهداية
2) Wellbeing - العافية
This is not just limited to your body, but your Religion and on the Day of Judgement. You need Wellbeing to not be exposed on the Day of Judgement in front of all the creation, to not fall off the Siraat, etc.
3) Allegiance - الولاية
This is the highest rank for the slave to reach. No one knows that the slave has reached this rank, not even himself. The more the slave increases in Faith and Taqwa, the more he will increase in his Wilayah of Allah. Allah said in Surah Yunus [10:62-63]:
"Unquestionably, [for] the allies of Allah there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve"
"Those who believed (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism), and used to fear Allah much (by abstaining from evil deeds and sins and by doing righteous deeds)"
4) Blessing - البركة
You are asking Allah to bless everything He gave you. This encompasses everything - your time, your work, your word - that everything you say benefits people. If Allah gives you بركة, you will benefit from the gift that Allah gave you. If you do not have بركة, the gift will be in between your hands but you will not benefit from it.
بركة = Continuous + Multiple
5) "وقني شر ما قضيت" - For Allah to protect you from the evil of what He has decreed
No one can protect you if Allah does not protect you.
After you ask Allah for the above five, you praise Allah,
-> If Allah decrees something, no one can remove it
-> If Allah wants to take something away from you, no one can give it to you
That is why your heart should always be with Allah. If you believe in this sentence, your heart will always be at rest. Do not think about the people - all of them are poor like you.
This is the best supplication for Qunoot Al-Witr.
You can say Qunoot at Witr sometimes and leave it sometimes, in order for people to know that it is not obligatory. For example, during the month, say it for 25 days and leave it for 5 days.
Should your knees or hands touch the ground first when you prostrate?
It is easier to prostrate with your knees, because that is what naturally touches the ground first. This is the Sunnah. However, if someone has a problem with their knees they can put their hands first.
Hadith #245:
How can we connect between the two Hadith while the first is stronger? Ibn Al-Qayyim said that the narrator exchanged the words in the first two Hadith accidentally, because it is know that the knees of camels are in theie forelegs. When camels sit, they sit on their forelegs first - so do not prostrate like a camel by putting your hands before your knees.
The second evidence for going down on your keen firstis the second Hadith mentioned, and the third evidence is the nature of people - one naturally goes down on his knees; not his hands.
The Tashahud
Hadith #246:
"عقد ثلاثا و خمسين"
The Arabs were illiterate, so they used numbers to describe. In another Hadith:
There are different ways to point your finger for Tashahud:
1- Grab all your fingers except the index
2- Make a circle with your thumb and middle finger while clenching all the others except for the index.
Hadith #247:
There are different ways to say the Tashahud, so you can alternate between them. This is the first Tashahud, and you say it in both the first and second sitting. As for the Salat Ibraheemiyah, you say it only in the second Rak'ah.
"السلام علينا"
This includes you, all the righteous slaves in the heavens and earth; including the Angels.
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