The Tashahud
Hadith #248:
This Hadith refers to the final Tashahud. The Tashahud comprises of two parts:
- Praising Allah
- Sending Salat upon the Prophet ﷺ
Then you make دعاء. Before you ask Allah your need you should first glorify and praise Him, then send Salat upon the Prophet ﷺ.
How do you send Salat upon the Prophet ﷺ?
Hadith #249:
In Surah Al-Ahzab [33:56]:
"Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask Him to do so]. O you who have believed, ask [ Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [ Allah to grant him] peace."
-> Sending Salaat upon the Prophet ﷺ means to invoke Allah to praise the Prophet ﷺ.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَىَّ صَلاَةً صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِهَا عَشْرًا
Whoever sends Salat upon me, Allah sends Salat upon him ten times. [At-Tirmithi #485]
The Salaat from Allah upon His slave is that Allah will praise him in the heavens.
"فسكت" (Allah's Messenger kept quiet [for a while])
The Prophet kept quiet because he was waiting for revelation. The Sunnah is revelation, like the Quran. In Surah An-Najm [53:3]:
"Nor does he speak of (his own) desire."
-> And this reminds us of the Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ:
إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ لاَ يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالاً، يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهَا دَرَجَاتٍ، وَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ سَخَطِ اللَّهِ لاَ يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالاً يَهْوِي بِهَا فِي جَهَنَّمَ
A slave (of Allah) may utter a word which pleases Allah without giving it much importance, and because of that Allah will raise him to degrees (of reward): a slave (of Allah) may utter a word (carelessly) which displeases Allah without thinking of its gravity and because of that he will be thrown into the Hell-Fire. [Bukhari #6478]
-> The Prophet ﷺ used to teach the Companions the Tashahud like he would teach Surahs. We should thus say it word by word, as the Prophet ﷺ used to say it.
-> There are five or six different narrations on how to say it, its good to know them to alternate between them in your prayers.
-> "آل محمد" includes his family and all his followers.
Seeking Refuge with Allah from Four Things before Salaam
Hadith #250:
One of the Tabi'een used to ask his son to repeat his prayer if he did not say the above supplication.
The Prophet ﷺ sought refuge from 4 things, beginning with the greatest:
1) The Hellfire
The more you remember Hellfire, the more you will abstain from sins, perform good deeds, remember the purpose behind you being in this life. You are not here to live in vain; you are in a test, and your test is almost coming to an end.
2) The Punishment of the Grave
We believe that Allah is going to give us another life in our graves; the life of Barzakh. We are going to be made to sit up and asked three questions, and then we will either be in delight or torment, depending on what we have done in this world.
3) The Trials of Life and Death
The Prophet ﷺ said:
بادروا بالأعمال فتناً كقطع الليل المظلم يصبح الرجل مؤمنا ويمسي كافراً ويمسي مؤمنا ويصبح كافراً، يبيع دينه بعرض من الدنيا
Be prompt in doing good deeds (before you are overtaken) by turbulence which would be like a part of the dark night. A man would be a believer in the morning and turn to disbelief in the evening, or he would be a believer in the evening and turn disbeliever in the morning, and would sell his Faith for worldly goods. [Muslim]
And he ﷺ used to say:
And in Surah Aal-Imran [3:8]:
"(They say): "Our Lord! Let not our hearts deviate (from the truth) after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are the Bestower."
4) The Trial of the Dajjal
This is the greatest Fitnah that will happen on earth.
You should say this after you finish the last Tashahud.
Supplication before Tasleem
Hadith #251:
You can make whatever supplication you want to after the 4 Isti'adhaat, but the best supplication to say is the aforementioned supplication of the Prophet ﷺ, which he taught to Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه.
Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه barely related any Hadith. He is the best of the Ummah and was fluent in Arabic, yet he asked the Prophet ﷺ to teach him a Dua. He did not say just any supplication from himself, because he knew the best supplication is the supplication of the Prophet ﷺ.
You can say this Dua in your Sujood or after the Tashahud. The Prophet ﷺ said:
أقرب ما يكون العبد من ربه وهو ساجد، فأكثروا الدعاء
"A slave is nearest to his Rabb when he is in prostration. So increase in supplications (while in prostration)" [Muslim]
This supplication consists of three parts:
1) Admitting your sin
2) Praising Allah
3) Asking Allah for forgiveness
This is similar to سيد الإستغفار.
When we are heedless and commit sin, we wrong ourselves. Our selves are a trust between our hands; we cannot live however we want, we are going to be asked about everything we did.
Musa عليه السلام said in Surah Al-Qasas [28:16]:
"He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me." Then He forgave him. Verily, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful."
You are singling Allah out with forgiveness;- You say and believe that no one can forgive you except Allah.
He ended the supplication with two Names of Allah which are suitable to his request: غفور رحيم.
When Allah forgives you and has mercy on you, all your needs will be fulfilled. Forgiveness means you will not be punished, and mercy means all good will happen to you. It comprehends everything.
The Tasleem
Hadith #252:
Most of the Imams do not add "و بركاته" as Al-Albani رحمه الله said it is better not to, because most of the Hadiths that are narrated from the Prophet ﷺ in this regard only stop at ورحمته. So say بركاته sometimes, but not all the time.
There are two types of Dhikr
1) Before Tasleem, where you ask Allah for your needs
2) After Tasleem, where you glorify Allah.
That is why there is no raising of your hands after Tasleem, because you are not asking for anything, just glorifying Allah. If you want to ask, ask before the Tasleem.
Glorification and Supplications before and after the Tasleem
Hadith #253:
This Hadith is a stressed Sunnah; the Prophet ﷺ used to say it after every obligatory prayer.
You remind yourself after you finish prayer of Tawheed; that no one deserves to be worshipped except Allah alone, who has the power over everything. Your prayer you remind yourself that no one can prevent what Allah gave you. What Allah gave you is your sustenance, and no one can repel it. And what Allah did not give you is never meant for you, even if the whole world gathered to get it for you.
Sustenance can be husbands, money, children, love, food, etc.
Allah is reminding you after your prayer to put your heart with Allah. Allah is the One giving you and withholding things from you. If it did not come, then be content, Allah is the Most Merciful, He decreed it, and there is a wisdom behind it.
If you believe in what you say after every prayer, you will know that if something did not continue with you, then Allah withheld it from you. There are people who are afraid of evil eye. If you trust Allah you will know that Allah is الحافظ الحفيظ, He will protect you and give you whatever is written for you as a sustenance. If you believe in what you say after every prayer, you will not fear people because no one can harm you if Allah did not write it for you. The heart of the believer is strong because he knows he is between the Fingers of Allah, and Allah will do whatever is good for him. So he is calm, tranquil, and at peace. He knows his rights are with Allah; he doesn't have to fight people for them.
If something is your sustenance and meant for you, Allah will bring it for you even if you are in your house; you just need to trust Allah. This is Tawheed.
The believer knows that every good is from Allah, no one can prevent anything from him without the permission of Allah. He knows that Allah is behind the people; if good comes, Allah brought it to you through them, if something bad happens he does not accuse people - he looks to Allah and knows that Allah is testing him and examining him faith and Tawheed. The more you have Tawheed the more you will deal with Allah and not the people. Tawheed is believing in Allah in every minute during your life; your heart always turning to Allah.
E.g. Before you go to the supermarket, ask Allah to fulfill your needs. The companions used to ask Allah even for salt.
The believer knows he is a slave, in poor, in need, and no one can give him except Allah; The One who withholds and gives.
E.g. A woman has a problem with her mother in law and always complains to her husband. Because of this he has a bad relationship with his wife and his mother. The believer knows that Allah is testing her, and she is required to be patient, so she complains to Allah. The husband should be more dutiful to his mother than his wife; be a blessed wife and encourage him to be dutiful to his mother. Be a blessed person in your family.
Tawheed is knowing that when good happens to you, Allah will bring it to you. If you are waiting for something good and He did not give it to you, then Allah knows best, maybe you will know the wisdom later.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
عجبا لأمر المؤمن إن أمره كله له خير، وليس ذلك لأحد إلا للمؤمن : إن أصابته سراء شكر فكان خيراً له، وإن أصابته ضراء صبر فكان خيراً له
How wonderful is the case of a believer; there is good for him in everything and this applies only to a believer. If prosperity attends him, he expresses gratitude to Allah and that is good for him; and if adversity befalls him, he endures it patiently and that is better for him" [Muslim]
Supplication before Tasleem
Hadith #254:
You are seeking refuge with Allah from 5:
1) Stinginess (البخل)
2) Cowardice (الجبن)
3) Old Age (أرذل العمر)
Nowadays you find more people losing their minds when they are older. Nowadays more people are proud of their intelligence and technology, so Allah is showing us not to rely or be proud of it.
4) Trials of the World (فتنة الدنيا)
5) Punishment of the Grave (عذاب القبر)
One of the morning supplication is:
In this supplicafion, we seek refuge with Allah from Disbelief. We should not feel secure just because we are Muslims now, we should be afraid. One of the Major Sins is to feel secure from the plot of Allah.
Hadith #255:
This should be the first thing you say after the Tasleem, before the aforementioned Hadiths on Dhikr after Tasleem.
Glorification of Allah after the Prayer
Hadith #256:
There are four ways of saying this:
1) سبحان الله x33 الحمد لله x33 الله أكبر x33 and finish the 100 with لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك.....
All your Minor sins will be forgiven, even if they are as abundant as the foam of sea. The Major Sins require repentance.
2) سبحان الله x33 الحمد لله x33 الله اكبر x34
3) سبحان الله والحمد لله والله اكبر و لا اله الا الله x25 each
4) سبحان الله x10 الحمد لله x10 الله أكبر x10
You can alternate between them.
* You can say سبحان الله، الحمد لله، الله اكبر، لا اله الا الله individually until you finish 33, or you can say سبحان الله والحمد لله والله أكبر until you reach 33. .
Count on your fingers because they will witness for you on the Day of Judgement.
عَنْ يُسَيْرَةَ، أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَمَرَهُنَّ أَنْ يُرَاعِينَ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ وَالتَّقْدِيسِ وَالتَّهْلِيلِ وَأَنْ يَعْقِدْنَ بِالأَنَامِلِ فَإِنَّهُنَّ مَسْئُولاَتٌ مُسْتَنْطَقَاتٌ
Narrated Yusayrah, mother of Yasir: The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded them (the women emigrants) to be regular (in remembering Allah by saying): "Allah is most great"; "Glory be to the King, the Holy"; "there is no god but Allah"; and that they should count them on fingers, for they (the fingers) will be questioned and asked to speak. [Sunan Abi Dawud]
Hadith #257:
You should say this before Tasleem, because you are asking Allah. During prayer you are a slave talking to your Lord, so why wait till after Tasleem to ask?
-> If Allah does not help you, no one can help you.
Hadith #258:
If you finish your obligatory prayer, recite Ayat AlKursi, and die after, you will enter Paradise.
It is not correct to recite Surah Al-Ikhlas. The Sunnah is only to recite Ayat Al-Kursi.
After the Author رحمه الله described the prayer of the Prophet ﷺ, he ended it with the following Hadith:
Hadith #259:
Showing someone how to pray is easier than telling someone how to. Our role model is the Prophet ﷺ, and one of the two conditions for a deed to be accepted is اتباع (Following the Prophet ﷺ). Ask yourself before doing a deed - did the Prophet ﷺ do it? If he didn't, it is a Bid'ah (Innovation). Allah has completed our Religion for us.
How should people who are unable to stand pray?
Hadith #260:
This companion had piles and was unable to stand during the prayer. You should stand, if you cannot, then sit, if you cannot, then lay down. As long as your mind is present, you should pray. If you can't make Wudhu, make Tayammum. If you can't make Tayammum, you should pray in whatever state you are in, and Allah will accept it, and you don't need to repeat the prayer. Even if you are in the ICU, as long as you have your mind, you have to pray. There are people who go to hospital for a week and say they will make up all the prayers when they get home, and this is incorrect. You can join Dhuhr and Asr together and Maghreb and Isha together but you cannot join all the prayers together.
If you are laying down, it is better to pray whilst on your right side, if you are able to. When laying down and praying, you bend your head for Rukoo and a little lower for Sujood. If you cannot bend your head at all, then have the intention to do it by your heart, or by your eyes as some of the Scholars say.
Standing is a Pillar of prayer. There are some who have knee problems and sit during the whole prayer. This is incorrect. You have to pray whilst you are standing, and sit when needed to; in the positions you are unable to stand in.
Hadith #261:
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