"ويل"
الويل is a threat with punishment. The Scholars said that it also is a valley in the Hellfire.
"للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم"
They used to write the Book with their hands knowing that what they are writing is not the Book of Allah, while saying:
"هاذا من عند الله"
Why did they do that?
"ليشتروا به ثمنا قليلا"
They would change what was in the Book or conceal the truth only for the sake of the Dunya. Allah mentions this again.
"فويل لهم مما كتبت أيديهم وويل لهم مما يكسبون"
Allah says 'ويل' three times. Torment will be theirs because of the lies they wrote with their own hands and torment will be theirs because of what they earned.
If a person lies and due to it he earns some money, he will have a double sin. One sin for saying a lie and another sin for earning unlawful money.
As-Sa'di رحمه الله said in explanation of the aforementioned verse:
توعد تعالى المحرفين للكتاب الذين يقولون لتحريفهم و ما يكتبون: {هاذا من عند الله}
Allah warns of severe consequences for those who tamper with His Book. They say regarding this tempering and whatever they write of it, {This is from Allah}
E.g. They call it "The Holy Bible"
و هاذا فيه إظهار الباطل و كتم الحق، إنما فعلوا ذالك مع علمهم {ليشتروا به ثمنا قليلا} و الدنيا كلها - من أولها إلى آخرها - ثمن قليل، فجعلوا باطلهم شركا يصطادون به ما في أيدي الناس، فظلموهم من وجهين:
١) من جهة تلبيس دينهم عليهم
٢) و من جهة أخذ أموالهم بغير حق، بل بأبطل الباطل، أعظم ممن يأخذها غصبا و سرقة و نحوها
This is an expression of falsehood and a concealment of the truth. They did this despite having ample knowledge; so that they may exchange it for a small price. The entire universe, from inception to conclusion, is a small price. Thus, through their falsehood, they entrapped people and deceived them by extorting their wealth. They oppress people in two ways:
1) they deceive the people in their Religion
2) they dishonestly, rather criminally, extort people's money and property. This extortion is worse than theif and plunder.
Imam Ibn Qayyim رحمه الله invited a priest to Islam and the priest acknowledged that Islam is the truth, but said that he could not become Muslim because he would lose his position amongst the people, his wealth, etc. The priests know that they are fooling the people, but people, because of their ignorance, believe them.
و لهاذا توعدهم بهاذين الأمرين، فقال: {فويل لهم مما كتبت أيديهم} أي: من التحريف و الباطل {وويل لهم مما يكسبون} من الأموال و الويل: شدة العذاب و الحسرة، و في ضمنها الوعيد الشديد.
Thus, Allah warns them from these two vices in these words, woe to them for what their hands have written, referring to whatever fraud they commit and whatever they write falsely; and woe to them for what they earn, of wealth [fraudently]. The word woe is often used for extreme chastisement and grief, while severe warning also comes under its purview.
This verse shows us the punishment of those who say about Allah what He did not say about Himself.
Ibn Taymiyah رحمه الله applied this verse and the verses before it to the Muslim nation,
فإن الله ذم الذين يحرفون الكلم عن مواضعه و هو متناول لمن حمل الكتاب و السنة، على ما أصله من البدع الباطلة. و ذم الذين لا يعلمون الكتاب إلا أماني و هو متناول لمن ترك تدبر القرآن و لم يعلم إلا مجرد تلاوة حروفه، و متناول لمن كتب كتابا بيده، مخالفا لكتاب الله، لينال به دنيا، و قال: إنه من عند الله، مثل أن يقول: هاذا هو الشرع و الدين، و هاذا معني الكتاب و السنة، و هاذا معقول السلف و الإئمة، و هاذا هو إصول الدين، الذين يجب اعتقاده على الأعيان و الكفاية، و متناول لمن كتم عنده من الكتاب و السنة لئلا يحتج به مخالفه في الحق الذي يقوله. و هاذا الأمور كثيرة جداً في أهل الأهواء جملة كالرافضة، و تفصيلاً مثل كثير من المنتسبين إلى الفقهاء
Allah has reprimanded those who tamper with His verses and alter their original meanings. Those who forcibly apply the Book and the Sunnah to try and authenticate their false innovations also fall under this preview. Allah has rebuked those who have no knowledge of His Book, and [follow] only their whims and desires. Under its purview also fall those who do not contemplate upon the Quranic verses, only reciting them as mere words. This warning is also for anyone who, just for earning worldly luxuries, writes any such book which is against the Quran and Sunnah, and then says that it is from Allah. About whom for example, he says that, "this is the Religiom and faith" or, "this is the meaning of the Quran and Sunnah", or "these are the explanations given by renowned Islamic scholars", or "these are the basic tenets of religion which are compulsory obligations or discretionary obligation". Those who hide the knowledge of the Book and Sunnah for the sole reason that their opponents might not make it an argument against them also come under its purview. These actions are practiced widely by the people of desire and innovation, such as the Shi'a and the Raafidah, while these are also conjecturally found in the adherents of some of the Scholars of Fiqh.
We have to be careful when we deal with the meaning of the Quran. We should not say something from ourselves; we should refer to the Scholars whose Aqeedah is correct. And the Scholars are human beings and can even make mistakes, we consider what they say as Ijtihad.
Who mainly changes the meaning of the Quran? The Sufis, The Shi'a, etc.
E.g. They say that الجبت and الطاغوت in the Qur'an refers to Abu Bakr and Umar رضي الله عنهما.
Surah Al-Jinn (Chapter 72)
The Stage of Preparation
We want to increase our faith, so when we study the Surah we will observe the articles of faith. The sources of knowledge of the unseen are limited to what Allah said in the Quran and to what the Prophet ﷺ said in the Sunnah. There is no third source. No one knows the unseen except Allah, and we only know what He revealed through Prophet Muhammed ﷺ. This Surah is about an unseen matter - The Jinn. They are an unseen world, which no one knows about except Allah. Even the Prophet ﷺ was told about the Jinn. If you want to know about their nature, you only have these sources: The Quran and Sunnah.
Verse 1:
"Say (O Muhammad): "It has been revealed to me that a group (from three to ten in number) of jinns listened (to this Quran). They said: 'Verily! We have heard a wonderful Recital (this Quran)!"
Belief in Allah :
"قل"
Allah addresses the Prophet ﷺ and commands him to: "Say"
"أوحي"
أوحى الله إلى الرسول - Allah revealed to His Messenger ﷺ
Belief in the Other Pillars:
"قل أوحي" - Belief in the Messenger
The Prophet ﷺ is a Messenger of Allah who is being inspired to by Allah; He did not know the unseen. Allah told him to convey to the people.
"قرآنا عجبا" - Belief in the Books
After the Jinn listened to the Quran, they came to the conclusion that it is a wonderful Book. One of the descriptions of the Quran is that it is a wonderful recital.
What has been revealed to the Prophet ﷺ?
"أنه استمع نَفَر من الجن"
"استمع" - listened
"نَفَر" - a group from between 3 to 9
"فقالوا"
فاء التعقيب
What the Jinn listened to is not mentioned. But immediately after they listened they said:
"إنا سمعنا قرآنا عجبا"
They listened to the Quran.
Repeated Words:
-> "استمع" , "سمعنا"
Summary: Allah commands the Prophet ﷺ to say that it has been revealed to him that a group of Jinn listened to the Quran, and after they listened they said, "We have heard a wonderful Quran"
This was the Aqeedah of the Jinn.
Many people recite the Quran but do not reach this conclusion. استماع means that they listened attentively. سمع is not like استمع. When there is an increase in the letter of the word, it bears more meaning. استمع is not mere listening, it is listening carefully and attentively, and this is what made them reach the conclusion that the Quran is a wonderful Book.
Division of the Verse into Parts:
1) "قل أوحي إلى"
What has been revealed?
2) "أنه استمع نَفَر من الجن"
What did they listen to and what was the result of their listening?
3) "فقالو إنا سمعنا قرآنا عجبا"
Description of the Jinn:
Allah praises that specific group of Jinn; that they listened to the Quran and came out with the Aqeedah that the Quran is a wonderful recital.
What should our Aqeedah be from this Verse? We should believe that the Quran is a wonderful Book, and we will reach that belief by listening to it attentively. We should listen to the Quran in the same way that they listened in order to reach the same Aqeedah they reached.
Verse 2:
"It guides to the Right Path, and we have believed therein, and we shall never join (in worship) anything with our Lord (Allah)."
This is a continuation of the statement of the Jinn.
Belief in the Books
"يهدي إلى الرشد"
This is the second description of the Quran.
"فآمنا به"
فاء التعقيب
They immediately believed in the Quran.
"و لن نشرك بربنا أحدا"
And they believed in the oneness of Allah and left Shirk.
Description of the Jinn:
By just listening to the Quran attentively, the Jinn believe that it is a wonderful Book, that it guides to the Rushd, so they believed in it and declared that they will never (لن) commit Shirk.
Belief in Allah
"بربنا"
This is mentioned in restricted form (It is restricted to the pronoun 'نا'). But since it is mentioned elsewhere in unrestricted form, it is one of the 99 Names of Allah.
Division of the Verse
1) "يهدي إلى الرشد"
So what did they do?
2) "فآمنا به"
3) "و لن نشرك بربنا أحدا"
The Aqeedah of this group of Jinn
-> They believe that the Quran is a wonderful Book and guides to the Rushd.
-> They believe in the Quran and in Allah and do not commit Shirk.
We assume that it implies that after listening to the Quran they increased in faith, so they perfected their Tawheed, and abandoned committing Shirk. Does the Quran have the same effect on us?
Verse 3:
"And exalted be the Majesty of our Lord, He has taken neither a wife, nor a son (or offspring or children)."
This is still a continuation of the statement of the Jinn.
Belief in Allah
The Jinn are talking about Allah in this verse:
"أنه تعالي جد ربنا"
Attributes of Allah:
تعالى - Allah is the Most High. He is Most High in His Essence, in His Attributes, in His Power, etc.
جد - Allah is the Most Great; The Majestic
This is إضافة صفة إلى الله
In a دعاء الإستفتاح (Opening Supplication for the Prayer) we say:
Names of Allah:
الرب - This Name is repeated throughout the Surah
"ما اتخذ صاحبة و لا ولدا"
"اتخد" is a negated action of Allah. Allah is negating that He has taken for Himself a wife or a son.
Division of the Verse:
1) "و أنه تعالى جد ربنا"
2) "ما اتخذ صاحبة و لا ولدا"
What is the connection between the two sentences? Allah is High and Perfect; He is in no need of a wife or offspring.
This is the conclusion they came to when they listened to the Quran. All that they say about Allah and about the Quran came from listening attentively to the Quran once.
The Aqeedah of the Jinn from the above 3 Verses:
It is important to keep going back, because you may have a question in the beginning which is cleared on later by the following verses.
-> The Jinn believe in the Quran; that it is a wonderful Book that guides to the Rushd.
-> They believe in the oneness of Allah and that He is Most High, Great, in no need of a wife or offspring.
Don't the deviated sects who ascribe to Allah partners read the Quran?
Verse 4:
"And that the foolish among us [i.e. Iblis (Satan) or the polytheists amongst the jinns] used to utter against Allah that which was wrong and not right."
The Jinn say something about themselves: Their سفيه would say about Allah شطط. This شطط is described in the next verse:
Verse 5:
"'And verily, we thought that men and jinns would not utter a lie against Allah."
"ظن" has two meanings in Arabic:
I) Thought
ii) Certainty
In this verse it takes the first meaning.
"على الله كذبا"
This شطط is to say a lie about Allah.
Verse 6:
"'And verily, there were men among mankind who took shelter with the masculine among the jinns, but they (jinns) increased them (mankind) in sin and disbelief."
Description of the Jinn:
"يعوذون"
Human men, instead of making استعاذة بالله, would seek refuge with the Jinn. This is very clear Shirk.
"يعوذون برجال من الجن"
The Jinn are also male and female, like humans.
Division of the Verse:
1)"و أنه كان رجال من الإنس"
What did they do?
2) "يعوذون برجال من الجن"
What happened as a consequence?
3) "فزادهم رهقا"
Verse 7:
"And they thought as you thought, that Allah will not send any Messenger (to mankind or jinns)."
Belief in Allah
Name of Allah: الله
Action of Allah: "لن يبعث" - This is a negated action of Allah.
Repeated Words
أحد - This has been mentioned twice so far
ظننا - This has also been mentioned twice
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Questions
Verse 1:
Q. The wisdom behind mentioning "نفر"
Q. What did they hear in the Quran which made them say "قرآنا عجبا?
Q. When did this happen? / What is the reason of revelation of this Surah (سبب النزول)?
Verse 2:
Q. What is the exact meaning of الرشد?
Verse 3:
Q. What does "جد" mean?
Verse 4:
Q. Who are the "سفيهنا"
Verse 6:
Q. "زادوهم"
Who increased who. Did the Jinn increase men in sin or did the men increase Jinn in sin?
Q. What does "رهقا" mean?
Q. What made the رجال from men take shelter with the Jinn? Do we have this nowadays?
Q. What is the wisdom behind the Jinn telling us this fact about them? What will we benefit from it?
Verse 7:
Q. "أنهم" refers to who?
Q. "ظنوا" refers to who?
Q. "ظننتم" refers to who?
Q. "لن يبعث" - Where they doubting in the resurrection or doubting in Allah sending a Messenger?
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