بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
2-1-1438H
The main ruling of Timing is that every prayer extends to the beginning of the other prayer with the exception of Fajr and Isha
Benefits from Hadith #129:
1) It is liked to hasten performing all prayers except Salaat Al-Ishaa - it is preferred that you offer it at the end of the first third of the night.
2) In some cases, it is obligatory to delay a prayer until just before the end of the time. This is when you are going to miss one of the obligations of the prayer.
E.g. You do not know where the Qibla is. You do not hasten to perform the prayer in any direction, it becomes obligatory for you to delay until you find the Qibla. If the time is about to end, then you should pray.
E.g. There is no water for ablution but you are sure that water will come in half an hour. It becomes obligatory for you to wait and not make Tayammum. If you are not sure that the water will come, you make Tayammum.
3) Sometimes it becomes obligatory for you to pray at the beginning of the time. You lose the right to delay the prayer.
E.g. You feel your period is going to come anytime. It becomes obligatory for you to hasten your prayer.
E.g. You have work and are not sure if it will end before or after the time for prayer ends. In this case it becomes obligatory upon you to pray before you leave.
Hadith #130:
Agreed upon = Bukhari & Muslim = Highly Authentic Hadith
1) The Asr Prayer
This is the Sunnah concerning Asr Prayer. The Prophet ﷺ would pray Asr early; at the beginning of its time.
2) The Isha Prayer
This is the Sunnah concerning the Isha Prayer. Isha begins from the darkness of the night until midnight. You calculate midnight by counting the hours from Maghrib to Fajr and dividing it by half.
The Prophet ﷺ would delay praying Isha until the end of the first third of the night.
The Prophet ﷺ hated sleeping before Isha because this is the time when the body needs to sleep. If you try to take a short nap, you might end up going into a deep sleep and missing the prayer. And if you sleep before and wake up, it might be difficult to sleep again after.
The Prophet ﷺ hated conversation after Isha, so that the last deed of the person that day would be praying.
3) The Fajr Prayer
The Prophet ﷺ would finish praying Fajr when light has broken out. This shows us that he would prolong the prayer, reciting between 60 to 100 verses in it.
1) The Isha Prayer
It is Sunnah to delay Isha but the Prophet ﷺ would sometimes advance it. And this is out of the mercy of the Prophet ﷺ, he did it according to the situation of the people. We learn from this that the Imams in the Masjid should always take the situation of the people into account. This does not mean he should wait for lazy people.
2) The Fajr Prayer
The Prophet ﷺ began Fajr in darkness and ended it when it was light.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) It is hated to sleep before Isha or talk after it, except for cases of necessity.
E.g. A person comes from work and is tired, and knows that he can sleep for an hour and wake up active. In this case it does not become hated for him.
E.g. If you have guests, a family gathering, a gathering of seeking knowledge after Isha, then it is not hated for you to speak. The Prophet ﷺ hated vain Dunya talk.
2) Performing Fajr at its earliest time is Sunnah.
3) The reciting of Qur'an in Fajr is usually longer than other prayers; from 60 to 100 verses.
4) The Imam should be considerate regarding the needs of the people.
5) General Rule: We are allowed to delay the prayer as long as its time has not ended.
You cannot tell another Muslim that it is Haraam for them to delay the prayer, as long as they pray it within the time. Allah gave us this right. Do not make things difficult for people.
Even if you get one a Rak'ah within the time, your prayer is still considered performed within the time.
A man, however, should pray in congregation. If he stays at home he is like a woman. There are some Scholars who say a mans prayer is not accepted when he prays alone, except for cases of necessity. But the majority of Scholars say it is accepted.
Hadith #131:
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) This shows us that the Prophet ﷺ would hasten to perform the Maghrib prayer at its earliest time.
2) The Imam of the Mosque still has the right to delay the prayer, although it is Sunnah to pray it early.
Hadith #132:
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) Delaying the Isha Prayer is Sunnah and not obligatory.
2) The mercy of the Prophet ﷺ.
Hadith #133:
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) It is Sunnah to delay the Thuhr prayer in Summer when the days are hot.
2) The cooling down is until close to the Asr Prayer.
How long should we delay the Thuhr prayer? Nowadays if the prayer is at 12, people delay it until 1pm. Ibn Uthaymeen says this is harder on the people, it is still hot at the time. It should be delayed until a time close to the Asr Prayer; roughly about half an hour before.
When the sun starts descending, the shadow increases. Some Scholars are of the opinion that you do not delay it until Asr, but when the shadow increases so that people have shade.
3) The comfort of the people who are praying is important to take it into consideration.
We should take care of the condition of the Mosque. If it is winter we should put heaters, if it is summer we should be AC's. We should take care of the atmosphere in the Mosque, the clothes we wear, the smell. This also applies to us when we pray at home. You need to take care of your comfort and the place you are praying in, so you can concentrate in prayer and your heart is settled.
Hadith #134:
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) The timing of Fajr Prayer is at dawn; it cannot be performed before then.
2) The recitation of the Fajr Prayer should be performed until the light of morning appears clearly.
Hadith #135:
Why did the Prophet ﷺ particularize the Fajr and Asr Prayers? Because the end of their timings are clear due to the rising and setting of the sun. But this applies to all prayers.
If you pray one whole Rak'ah within the time, then you have caught the prayer. This is the mercy of Allah. However, this does not mean that you purposely delay the prayer. The person is considered sinful in this case.
Hadith #136:
The Prohibited Times to Pray
1) From after the Fajr prayer until Sunrise -> Long Time
2) When the sun begins to rise until it is fully up -> Short Time
3) When the sun is vertical till it passes the meridian (10-15 minutes before Thuhr) -> Short Time
4) From after the Asr prayer until Sunset -> Long Time
5) While the sun is setting -> Short Time
Short Times = 10-15 minutes
This is Weak.
There are 7 Exceptions to these Prohibitions:
1) Missed Obligatory Prayers
2) Repeating the Prayer for the purpose of congregation.
E.g. Someone prayed Salaat AlFajr alone and then found people praying it in congregation, he joins that congregation and his prayer alone will be considered voluntary.
3) Praying the Post-Thuhr Sunnah when combining Thuhr and Asr, and Post Maghrib Sunnah when combining Maghrib and Isha.
4) The Two Rak'ah for Tawaf
5) The Sunnah for Ablution
6) Tahiyyat Al-Masjid
7) Salaat Al-Istikharah
The Prohibited Times to Bury the Dead
1) When the sun starts rising
2) When the sun is vertical till it passes the meridian
3) While the sun is setting
With the exception of necessity.
Hadith #137:
Bani Abd AlManaf were responsible for the Ka'bah at the time. The prohibited times are applicable to the Haram as well, but you as an authority cannot prevent them from praying, because you do not know what they are praying.
Hadith #138:
Hadith #139:
There are two dawns: The Real and Fake.
The fake Fajr occurs about 30 minutes before the real Fajr.
There are 5 difference between the two:
1) The real Fajr extends from North to South while the fake Fajr extends from the East to West.
2) Darkness does not follow the real Fajr whereas it comes after the fake Fajr.
3) The real Fajr is wide and is seen throughout the horizon whereas the fake Fajr is a narrow line having darkness above and below it.
4) The real Fajr indicates prayer whereas the fake Fajr does not begin prayer.
5) Fasting begins with the real Fajr, whereas you can still eat with the fake Fajr.
Hadith #140:
Hadith #141:
This is a Weak Hadith.
Hadith #142:
The only Sunnah for Fajr which is prescribed between Athan of Fajr and Salaat AlFajr are the two units before Fajr. However, you can pray the Sunnah of Ablution or Tahiyyat AlMasjid.
Hadith #143:
The Prophet ﷺ compensated for a missed Sunnah.
The Prophet ﷺ said no, referring to not making them up during the prohibited time. Praying at this time is particular to the Prophet ﷺ.
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