بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
This is how the Athan was prescribed to us as Muslims. One of the companions had a dream in which someone told him the words for the Athan. Prior to this, the companions of the Prophet ﷺ were discussing the call for prayer. Some suggested bells, but the Prophet ﷺ said this was the practice of the Christians. Others suggested blowing a horn, but the Prophet ﷺ said it was the practice of the Jews. Some said to light a fire, but the Prophet ﷺ said that it was the practice of the Magians. So no decision was made.
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Hadith #144:
After Abdullah bin Zaid رضي الله عنه informed the Prophet ﷺ of his dream, the Prophet ﷺ then told Bilal to call for prayer. When Umar bin Khattab heard it, he told the Prophet ﷺ that he had the same dream.
Nowadays if someone has a dream in which he is informed of a new ruling in the Religion, we are not allowed to implement it because the Prophet ﷺ was present at the time of the dream and he prescribed it. This is unless the dream agrees with the Shari'ah and has evidence in it.
E.g. A scholar was debating with himself regarding which of the two Fatwas was more correct to give. In his dream he saw someone telling him which Fatwa was correct and this Fatwa already has a basis in the Shari'ah. In this case we can apply the dream.
The Prophet ﷺ told the Muadhin of Makkah (Abu Mahthura) to make Tarji' and it is Sunnah. It was not taught to Ibn Umm Maktoum and Bilal in Madinah.
المؤذن = The man who calls to prayer.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) Guidance of Allah to His Slaves can be through dreams.
2) There was no Tarji' (doubling of the Athan) in Madinah, although the Prophet ﷺ taught it to Abu Mahthura (The Muadhin in Makkah). This is like washing your limbs twice or thrice for ablution. You can do any. This is to vary it so we do not get bored. Also, the Muadhin reminds himself before he reminds the people that he bears witness there is no God except Allah.
3) The Muathin should be the one with the better voice.
4) The addition of one verse to Salaat AlFajr after "حي على الفلاح"
Hadith #145:
This is the Hadith which shows us the Prophet ﷺ taught Abu Mahthura the Athan. In regular Athans we say الله أكبر four times. When the Prophet ﷺ taught Abu Mahthura, he taught him to say it only twice.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) Worship can be done in different forms, as long as all forms have an evidence. The Athan is an act of worship which has great reward.
Q. What if the Muathin forgets a sentence?
A. If you forget something in worship, you need to compensate. If the Muathin remembers immediately after the Athan, he should go back to where he forgot and continue from there. If he is reminded or informed later on, he should go back and call the Athan again. This is because it is an act of worship.
This is why people who have deficiencies in speaking cannot call the Athan. As long as a person can utter the words correctly, regardless of being Arab or non-Arab, they can call the Athan.
Hadith #146:
This means that we should repeat every sentence twice in the Athan, the end it by saying لا اله الا الله once.
الإقامة is the Athan they call when they stand for prayer. They only say each sentence once, except for "قد قامت الصلاة" which is repeated twice. This is perhaps to call the people who are sitting.
If women pray in congregation they can say the Iqamah but even then it is not obligatory. The woman does not say Iqamah if she is praying alone. If a man is praying alone, he has to say the Iqama.
Differences between the Athan and the Iqamah:
1) In the Athan the sentences are repeated twice, except for لا اله الا الله in the end. The Iqamah is the opposite; the sentences are repeated once, except for "قد قامت الصلاة" which is mentioned twice in the end.
2) In the Athan the Muathin prolongs the sentences (so that his voice reaches everywhere), but in the Iqamah the Imam just utters the sentences quickly.
Hadith #147:
There are two Sunnahs regarding the way to say the Athan:
1) To put the index fingers inside the ear
This is to strengthen the sound. When you block the air coming from your ear, all of it will come through your mouth. And another wisdom is that if someone sees the Muathin from far, he would know that he was calling the Athan.
2) To turn his head right and left when he says "حي على الصلاةً ,حي على الفلاح"
There are two ways to do this:
-> To do both alternatively. - Ibn Uthaymeen says this is better so both sentences can be heard from all sides.
-> To do the first sentence on the right and the second on the left.
Hadith #148:
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) The voice is one of the criterias by which we choose a Muathin.
The Muathin cannot sing the Athan in different melodies, he is only supposed to utter it the way it is said with a nice voice.
Hadith #149:
There is no Athan or Iqamah for the Eid Prayer. We do not even say "الصلاة جامعة" as we do in Eclipse Prayer.
Hadith #150:
The Prophet ﷺ was coming back with his companions. On the way, the Prophet ﷺ told Bilal that they were all sleepy, to call the Athan for Fajr. Everyone ended up oversleeping and they woke up to the heat of the sun. When they woke up, the Prophet ﷺ did not blame Bilal, although they missed something great. He ordered Bilal to call the Athan and say the Iqamah.
"As he used to everyday"
Ibn Othaimeen said if someone oversleeps and misses the prayer after taking precautions, once he gets up time is not counted for him. i.e. If you wake up late and only have two or three minutes left for prayer, you do not to be in a rush. Make wudhoo even if the time passes, pray Sunnah, and pray Fajr. This is only in the case when you take precautions to wake up and you oversleep. This similar to when you forgetfully eat whilst fasting. You do not become worry or tense, it is a gift from Allah.
This is with the exception of a man going to congregation. He can rush there and pray the voluntary afterwards.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) Missing a prayer due to oversleeping while after having taking precautions to wake up is not a sin.
2) If prayers are missed, they must be compensated for. It is obligatory to compensate obligatory prayers, but it is up to you if you want to make up the Sunnah. If you do compensate the Sunnah you pray it in the same order as when you pray it at its normal time.
3) The Athan can be called for missed prayers as well during travel. If the person is in his country, then he cannot, because this will confuse the rest of the people. The Athan at your place of residence is to indicate that the time of prayer has begun.
4) The prayers performed during the day are recited quietly, and the prayers performed at night are recited loud. So if you make up a prayer usually performed at day at night, you recite it loudly. And if you make up a prayer performed during the night at daytime, you recite it silently.
5) Missed prayers can be made up for in a gathering.
6) The Athan and Iqamah are lawful for missed prayers.
When men combine two prayers they call one Athan and two Iqamas, one for each prayer.
Combining is not related to travel. Shortening is related to travel. Combining is related to need.
E.g. You came back from work very exhausted one day (this is not something that happens every day) and know that if you sleep after Thuhr you will not wake up for Asr, you are allowed to combine the prayers.
If you combine, you cannot pray a Sunnah in between the two prayers. If you are combining Thuhr and Asr for example, you pray the Sunnah after Thuhr after Asr.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) In Muzdalifa, Maghrib and Isha are combined.
2) When combining prayers, one Athan and two Iqamahs are called.
E.g. If a man sleeps the whole day and misses all five prayers, he says an Iqama for each prayer.
E.g. A man slept and missed a couple of prayers, and wakes up at a time of prayer. He joins the congregation for the prayer and comes back and makes up for the missed prayers.
Hadith #151:
This is where we got two Athans for Fajr. Bilal رضي الله عنه used to call the first Athan (which is about 20 or 30 minutes before the second Athan for Fajr). In another Hadith, the Prophet ﷺ informed us of the wisdom behind this Athan: To wake those who are sleeping up, to take Shuhoor, and so that those who are praying can take a rest.
This was done in Ramadan, so some scholars only view it permissible to be called during Ramadan. But because the Prophet ﷺ mentioned waking up those who are sleeping, others say it applies to the entire year.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) It is Sunnah to have two Athans for Fajr
2) It is allowed to have two Muathins for one place.
3) A blind man is allowed to call the Athan provided that he knows the time.
Hadith #152:
This is Weak.
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