بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Conditions come before a person begins an Act of Worship. If you leave any of the conditions without a valid reason, your act of worship will not be accepted.
There are a general rules which apply to all types of worship:
1) Being a Muslim
2) Being Sane
3) Being an Adult
When children do acts of worship, some Scholars say that their good deeds will be added to their record when they reach the age of puberty and the bad will not be mentioned. Other Scholars say their record will only begin when they reach the age of puberty. But we train them to perform good deeds before that.
Hadith #160:
The Condition that is broken in the Hadith: الوضوء (Ablution)
If any of the conditions are broken while you are performing the act of worship, the entire act of worship is broken. These conditions need to be maintained until the end of the act of worship.
"فسا" = Air coming out of the anus; nowhere else. Air that comes out from anywhere other than the anus does not break ablution.
E.g. If your uterus has air it will be release from the vagina. This does not break ablution.
-> All you need to do is make Wudhoo, you do not need to wash that part.
-> If it happens while in prayer and you deliberately do not stop praying, you have committed a great sin.
E.g. It happens while praying in congregation and you are embarrassed to leave. But of you do not leave after knowing the ruling, some Scholars say it is Kufr. Ibn Othaimeen رحمه الله said it does not reach that degree, but it is a great sin. You are ashamed of the people, but not ashamed of Allah. In another Hadith the Prophet ﷺ said to pretend you have a nosebleed.
-> If you forget that you passed gas and pray, you are not sinful, but you have to make up the prayer later. However, when you have Najasah in your clothes and prayed out of forgetfulness, you do not have to make your prayer up. This is because the Najash on your clothes does not break Wudhoo. Yes, it nullifies the condition that your clothes must be clean, but it does not affect your clothes. If you pray with the Najasah in your clothes deliberately, you are sinful. But if you did not know, you do not need to repeat the prayer.
-> If you pass gas while you are making Wudhoo you need to restart the Wudhoo.
-> You do not break your prayer until you are sure you passed gas: By hearing or smelling.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) Releasing gas breaks Wudhoo, and therefore breaks the Salaat.
2) Any air that comes from the anus breaks Wudhoo. Gas that comes out from any other part does not break Wudhoo.
-> Anything that comes out from the anus breaks Wudhoo.
E.g. Putting in a suppository for example does not break it, but it coming out breaks Wudhoo.
If it something liquid or solid you need to wash the private part.
3) It is obligatory for you to break the prayer and repeat your Wudhoo and prayer when it happens.
4) The above point applies to other conditions that are broken as well, with specifications:
E.g. While praying wind blew and exposed a lot of your Awrah for a long time. You should break prayer and repeat it.
E.g. You are praying Thuhr and while praying someone tells you the Athan had not been called for it yet. You cut the Salaat, then pray again.
Ibn Othaimeen رحمه الله discussed Wudhoo being broken whilst making Tawaf. There is a Hadith in which the Prophet ﷺ said,
"الطَّوَافُ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ مِثْلُ الصَّلاَةِ"
"Tawaf around the House is similar to Salat" [At-Tirmithi]
Some Scholars are of the opinion that it is exactly like prayer. Ibn Othaimeen and other Scholars are of the opinion that it is sacred like prayer, but not exactly the same. You can speak in Tawaf, take a rest in the middle, drink water and eat while making Tawaf - which you cannot do in prayer.
Ibn Othaimeen said that if you take the ruling Tawaf is exactly like Salaat, then if you break your Wudhoo, you should stop - remake it, and repeat Tawaf of the beginning,
If you take the latter ruling, which is stronger, then it is liked for a Muslim to be pure, but if you break your Wudhoo, you can continue with Tawaf. But you should make Wudhoo before you pray the two Rak'ahs of Tawaf.
Allah said in Surah Ta-Ha [20:2]:
"We have not sent down the Quran unto you (O Muhammad ﷺ) to cause you distress,"
The Salaf used to give easy verdicts. The Qur'an came to make your life easy. We always think the hardest one has to be the correct ruling.
Hadith #162:
How do you know when a girl has reached puberty? When she gets her period.
If girls under the age of puberty pray with short dresses, half sleeves, no Khimar, it is fine. You encourage her to perform the prayer, not ensure that all the conditions are followed.
Even if children say they are on Wudhoo, do not stress on that point or blame for that. Say, "Mashallah, so you did not pass gas or air or use the bathroom...etc" he might go pray without it anyway, but you have at least dropped the information in his mind without embarrassing him. When you embarrass they start hating the act of worship; it becomes a burden.
Do not account children who have not reached the age of puberty at the end of the day and make them pray the entires day worth of missed prayers. Focus on the prayer at present, do not ask them about the ones they missed and make it a burden on them.
The Condition mentioned in the Hadith: Covering of the Awrah (For Women).
The Prophet ﷺ did not mention covering her feet, knees,mand legs. Ibn Othaimeen رحمه الله said this is natural and essential. She will obviously already be covering it, The Prophet ﷺ is referring to that which a woman normally does not wear; she does not usually wear a Khimar while at home.
According to this Hadith the woman is not obliged to cover her hands and feet because the Prophet ﷺ did not mention it. But there are others Hadiths which follow.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) When a girl reaches the age of puberty she should cover her head.
2) The period is a sign of puberty for a woman
3) According to the Hadith, it is not compulsory to cover the hands and feet, but it is liked (mentioned in another Hadith)
4) Before the age of puberty, one can pray without applying the conditions of prayer. This should not be done deliberately.
E.g. Someone is 9 and says he is going to pray without Wudhoo. Tell him this is wrong. But if he just does, it is fine. Do not teach your child something wrong; try to get as close as possible to perfection.
Hadith #162:
The Condition mentioned in the Hadith: Covering of the Awrah (For Men).
This does not apply much nowadays.
After the death of the Prophet ﷺ, the narrator of the first Hadith, Jabir, did the following:
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فِي ثَوْبٍ مُلْتَحِفًا بِهِ وَرِدَاؤُهُ مَوْضُوعٌ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قُلْنَا يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ تُصَلِّي وَرِدَاؤُكَ مَوْضُوعٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ، أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَرَانِي الْجُهَّالُ مِثْلُكُمْ، رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُصَلِّي هَكَذَا.
Narrated Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir: I went to Jabir bin `Abdullah and he was praying wrapped in a garment and his Rida was Lying beside him. When he finished the prayers, I said "O `Abdullah! You pray (in a single garment) while your Rida' is lying beside you." He replied, "Yes, I did it intentionally so that the ignorant ones like you might see me. I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) praying like this. " [Bukhari #370]
E.g. Men are swimming and want to pray and their clothes are far. If their shorts are below the belly button to the knee they can pray. The actual belly button and the knee are not included as part of the Awrah.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) Covering the Awrah is obligatory in Prayer.
2) A mans Awrah is from his belly button until his knees.
3) Covering the upper part of a mans body is preferred and not obligatory.
4) Covering the lower part is obligatory.
5) Covering shoulders for men while praying in one garment is required, but not obligatory. This is why Jabir threw the upper part of his garment. However, it is hated for one to uncover the upper part if he is able to cover it - this contradicts what Jabir did, but his excuse is that he did it for the purpose of teaching them, nor for no reason.
-> The most important condition is Time, If you are going to miss the time, you should pray in whatever condition you are in.
-> You should teach your children to ensure they meet all the conditions for prayer before they leave the house.
Hadith #163:
"The surface of her feet"
From this Hadith some scholars say it is obligatory to cover the surface of her feet. Ibn Othaimeen رحمه الله says no, the just the Prophet ﷺ said it to make sure the dress is long enough, so that when she kneels for Sujood her legs will not show. So he is of the opinion it is preferred but not obligatory.
Mawqoof = A saying of Umm Salamah, that's why we do not take it as a ruling. It is her wordings, not the precise words of the Prophet ﷺ.
But other scholars say it is Marfoo'.
Benefits of the Hadith:
1) It is allowed for a woman to pray in one piece of garment which covers the upper part of her feet.
2) The lower part of feet is not Awrah in prayer.
The Three Conditions of Garments in Prayer
1) It should be Halal - (i.e. Not stolen, made from any Haraam animal skin, nor silk for men, etc.)
2) It should be طاهر (Pure)
3) One can pray in Najis garments if necessary and cannot find another and the time will pass.
E.g. Shepherds who have Najasah from their sheep.
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