بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Division of the Surah into Parts
#1 - Introduction (Verses 1-3)
#2 - The basis to building a Muslim Community (Verses 4-13)
#3 - Faith (Verses 14-17)
#4 - Conclusion (Verse 18)
The Connection between the Beginning and End of the Surah
In Verse 1:
"O you who believe! Do not put (yourselves) forward before Allah and His Messenger ﷺ, and fear Allah. Verily! Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing."
In Verse 18:
"Verily, Allah knows the unseen of the heavens and the earth. And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do."
The Surah began and ended talking about the Knowledge of Allah.
The Connection between the end of the previous Surah (سورة الفتح) and the beginning of this Surah
In [48:29]:
"Muhammad ﷺ is the Messenger of Allah, and those who are with him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate (in prayer), seeking Bounty from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. The mark of them (i.e. of their Faith) is on their faces (foreheads) from the traces of (their) prostration (during prayers). This is their description in the Taurat (Torah). But their description in the Injeel (Gospel) is like a (sown) seed which sends forth its shoot, then makes it strong, it then becomes thick, and it stands straight on its stem, delighting the sowers that He may enrage the disbelievers with them. Allah has promised those among them who believe (i.e. all those who follow Islamic Monotheism, the religion of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ till the Day of Resurrection) and do righteous good deeds, forgiveness and a mighty reward (i.e. Paradise)."
In Verse 1:
"O you who believe! Do not put (yourselves) forward before Allah and His Messenger ﷺ, and fear Allah. Verily! Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing."
Allah praised the Companions. But do not think that because you are the companions of the Prophet ﷺ and Allah praised you, you should not have manners with the Prophet ﷺ, Your Leader. You should follow him, not raise your voice in his presence, etc.
Surah AlFath was revealed during the Treaty of Hudaibiya where Umar did not agree and questioned the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr. Here, Allah tells you to obey the Prophet ﷺ, even if your mind and intellect does not understand.
They were wearing their Ihram and had their Hady;- the Prophet ﷺ told them to take off their Ihram and sacrifice their animals; they were not going to perform Umrah. No one listened to him. The Prophet ﷺ was sad, and Umm Salamah told him to not speak to anyone, just to do it. When the companions saw him doing that, the followed him, realizing their mistake.
Allah teaches the Companions and the Believers manners in dealing with Leaders.
Theme of the Surah: The basis of building a Muslim Community
The first thing Allah talks about is our relationship with the Leader. And the Prophet ﷺ is the first Leader. Then Allah talks about not listening to rumours. And Allah talks about brotherhood. And in order to remove the hatred from the hearts of the Muslims, do not mock, spy, backbite. All these plant hatred in hearts. Allah reminds us to repent to Him, do not think just because you are a sinner you have no place in the Muslim Commmunity. Repent, and join the Muslim Community. You have a place in the community and can benefit the Muslims.
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