بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
The Permissibility of offering voluntary prayer while sitting even if the person is able to stand
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُصَلِّي قَائِمًا وَقَاعِدًا فَإِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلاَةَ قَائِمًا رَكَعَ قَائِمًا وَإِذَا افْتَتَحَ الصَّلاَةَ قَاعِدًا رَكَعَ قَاعِدًا
It was narrated that Aishah said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pray standing and sitting. If he started to pray standing, he would bow standing and if he started to pray sitting, he would bow sitting."
And in another narration:
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فَيَقْرَأُ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فَإِذَا بَقِيَ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهِ قَدْرُ مَا يَكُونُ ثَلاَثِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعِينَ آيَةً قَامَ فَقَرَأَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ يَفْعَلُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ .
It was narrated from Aishah that the Prophet ﷺ used to pray when he was sitting. He would recite while sitting, then when there were thirty or forty verses left, he would stand up and recite while standing, then he bowed and prostrated, then he would do likewise in the second rak'ah.
The reward for sitting is half of that of standing, if the person is able to stand, except for the Prophet ﷺ. Because he's not like us. His Qiyam is not like our Qiyam, and this is an honour for him.
Imran bin Husain (who had piles) said: I asked Allah's Messenger ﷺ about the praying of a man while sitting. He said, "If he prays while standing it is better and he who prays while sitting gets half the reward of that who prays standing; and whoever prays while lying gets half the reward of that who prays while sitting." [Bukhari]
How should I pray while sitting?
It is desirable to pray cross-legged. There are four forms:
1) Pray crossed legged from the beginning until the end, prostrating normally.
2) Pray sitting cross-legged for 30,40 verses, then stand up and bow and prostrate normally.
3) Stil till you finish the recitation of the Qur'an until the end, then get up and say Allah Akbar and bow
4) Perform part of your prayer standing and part of it sitting. If you are sitting, bow sitting, and if you are standing, bow standing.
Offering prayer while standing is a pillar in the obligatory prayer. You have to stand and pray; even if you're standing leaning to something. Your prayer is invalidated if you don't stand.
This is regarding the voluntary prayers.
If you are in a car, train, ship, plane, what should you do?
It is preferable to face the Qibla if you're sitting. And if this car turns left or right there's no harm in that. And there's no harm if you started this voluntary prayer not facing the Qibla.
The Prophet ﷺ would make the Takbur facing the Qibla, and the camel would turn its face and walk.
Jabir reported: "We were in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he sent me on an errand, and when I came back (I saw him) saying prayer on his ride and his face was not turned towards Qibla." [Muslim]
How should you bow and prostrate? You'll slightly bend your head and back for the Rukoo and go lower for the Sujood.
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