بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
- سورة الإنسان - Surah AlInsan
The title of Surah is الإنسان. This Surah is about us; it concerns us.
Studying a Surah is divided into four steps:
But we don't limit studying the Qur'an to these stages. It's just a suggested method of study; and has a basis. It's based on evidence from the Qur'an, Sunnah, statements of the Salaf and the Scholars, so it's not a بدعة. We shouldn't accept any method of study without evidence to support it.
Preparation - التهيئة
This is the most important stage when you study a Surah.
We have to prepare ourselves for the Qur'an with the Qur'an by reciting it with ترتيل; observing the articles of faith, repeated words, rulings, stories, parables, etc. Then we proceed to the stage of understanding.
Continuation: ملاحظة (Observation)
Verse 25:
Belief in Allah
Names of Allah
رَبِّك
Attributes of Allah
اسم is an attribute of Allah. Allah is attributed with names.
Other Pillars
ربك -> Belief in the Messengers.
Belief in the Prophet ﷺ.
3) Allah commanded the Prophet ﷺ to remember His name in the morning and evening. Allah honoured the Prophet ﷺ in this verse, by joining him to His name الرب.
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
"اذكر" -> A command
(Q. How do I remember the name of Allah الرب in the morning and evening?
There are people who take cards which have the 99 names of Allah (which aren't even all accurate) and may use this verse as an evidence.)
Verse 26:
Belief in Allah
Other Pillars
Belief in the Messengers. 4) Allah commanded the Prophet ﷺ to prostrate and 5) Glorify Him.
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
Generally, whatever is a command for the Prophet, is a command for us, unless there's a specific special command for Him.
Verse 27:
Belief in Allah
Other Pillars
Belief in the Day of Judgement - Description of the Day (يوماً ثقيلا)
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
هاؤلا - Description of the Disbelievers:
a) They love this present life (العاجلة)
b) And leave behind the Day of Judgement
All their concerns are limited to this world. So what should the attitude of the believers be? They should not love the Dunya, they should love the hereafter.
Verse 28:
Belief in Allah
Actions of Allah:
خلقناهم
شددنا
شئنا
بدلنا
We have to check if the verb is an action of Allah, or an action of someone else.
E.g. يفجرونها
Some said that this is an action of Allah. Whenever you're in confusion, put a question mark, don't put in the column of the article of belief in Allah. When you read the Tafseer book in the stage of study, you'll find out if it's an action of Allah, or an action of the pious people in Paradise. Then you go back to the table and put it there. From this table you'll come out with many Aqeedahs; it's not something you just fill and keep it aside.
Other Pillars
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
The Description of Man: Allah created man and made him strong.
Verse 29:
Belief in Allah
ربّه
Other Pillars
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
The Description of man: شاء - Man has will. This is evidence against those who say we are compelled.
Verse 30:
Belief in Allah
Actions of Allah
يشاء الله - Allah wills.
Names
الله x 2
عَلِيما
حكيما
Other Pillars
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
Description of Man: "تشآون"
Again, we have a will. But there's an exception "الا". We have to understand what this exception means. Our will is connected with the will of Allah. What's the relation? So we put a question mark.
Verse 31:
Belief in Allah
Actions of Allah
يدخل
يشاء
أعدلهم
رحمته can either be an attribute - the mercy of Allah, or it could mean Jannah. So we put a question mark.
Other Pillars
Belief in the Last Day - Allah prepared for the wrongdoers a painful torment. It's because of this رحمته in the beginning of this verse could refer to Jannah.
The descriptions of people, stories, rulings, etc.
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We don't just what numbers. We need to build an with on the verses we are reciting.
Repeated Words
1) الإنسان
This is repeated in Verse 1 and 2
We were nothing before and Allah created us.
Nowadays we have people who doubt their creation. We need to affirm this belief by repeating these concepts to ourselves, such that when we come across people who say otherwise, the evidence from the Qur'an will come to us.
2) يوم
This is repeated in Verse 7, Verse 10, Verse 11, Verse 27.
So what's our Aqeedah regarding that day?
1) The Day of Resurrection is a day where evil is widespreading
2) It's a distressful day which ruins the faces of the people
3) On that day Allah saves some people from its evil
4) It's a very heavy day.
3) فضة
This is repeated in Verse 15, Verse 16, Verse 21
These are all with regards to the delights of the people of Paradise. Their vessels and bracelets will be made out of silver. And the silver of the hereafter is not like the silver of this world.
4) صبر
This is repeated in Verse 12 and 24.
-> One of the means of attaining Paradise is to be patient.
-> A command to the Prophet ﷺ and his followers to be patient.
So what's our Aqeedah?
Jannah is the recompense for the pious. Why? Because they were patient. Therefore, the first command to the Prophet ﷺ and his nation is to be patient.
Similar Words
1) شكر
This is repeated in Verses 3,9, and 22.
-> After Allah guided man, He is either grateful or ungrateful.
-> Whenever the pious feed the poor and captives, they don't want any reward, nor any thanks from them.
-> On the Day of Judgement, their effort will be appreciated
What's our Aqeedah?
The grateful one lives in the Dunya feeding others and doing good, solely seeking the وجه الله and the appreciation of Allah. He doesn't wait for the people to thank him. Therefore, Allah on the Day of Judgement, will appreciate his effort.
الجزاء من جنس العمل. Because He sought the appreciation of Allah, and Allah appreciated him.
2) كفر
This is repeated in Verses 3,4, and 24
What's our Aqeedah?
For those who have chosen ungratefulness, Allah mentions what He prepared for them on the Day of Judgement. It's our choice whether we're grateful or not. If we choose ungratefulness, then we should know the recompense of it. - سلاسل، أغلالا، سعيرا
Then Allah commands us not to obey those who choose كفر and ungratefulness.
Note: In the beginning of the Surah, Allah divided man into: شاكر and كفور
In the following verses Allah mentioned the كافرين and الأبرار
-> The كافرين are ungrateful, and the أبرار are grateful
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القراء التفهيمية
We have to take each verse and be able to explain it to ourselves. If we can't understand, we put questions. Then go to the Tafseer book and find out the answers to our questions.
Ibn Abbas said, "تفسير is of four kinds:
1) No one knows except the Arabs (from their language).
-> Go the Arabic dictionary to find out the meaning of words you don't know.
2) No one is excused of not knowing.
-> These are meanings which are clear to everyone. And most of the Qur'an is of this type.
3) Tafseer which only the Scholars know
-> This is where we go to the Tafseer books and find out what the interpreters say regarding the verse
4) Tafseer which no one knows except Allah.
-> E.g. The reality of Paradise, the reality of HellFire.
"قواريرا من فضة"
We don't know how exactly this is like. If we don't find an answer in the Tafseer book, we just leave it, because it's something of the delights of Paradise which no one knows except Allah.
E.g. The reality of the attributes of Allah.
Ruling: Follow the manners when you ask questions.
Don't say why?
We know that Allah is العليم، الحكيم and that His speech is perfect. We should say: what is the meaning, What is the wisdom?, What is the relation between this verse and the previous, What does this indicate?
Verse 1:
هل - Is this verse a question that requires an answer or a rhetorical question? What is the purpose of this inquiry?
Verse 2:
Allah says that He created man from نطفة أمشاج.
I know what نطفة is. What does أمشاج mean?
نبتليه - How does Allah try man?
فجعلناه - فاء التعقيب
What is the wisdom behind connecting hearing and seeing with نبتليه? How does the ابتلاء occur with regards to our hearing and seeing?
Verse 3:
Q. What is meant by هديناه? Guidance is of many kinds - What type of guidance?
Q. What is the meaning of شاكرا and كَفُورا? What are their descriptions?
After I question myself, and pass a couple of verses, I should have a clear concept of what it's talking. What do we learn about man?
Man was nothing before, and Allah created him, tests him, and made him hearing and seeing. Allah guided man. After guidance, man either becomes grateful or ungrateful.
Verse 4:
What is the meaning of سلاسل and أغلال. What's the difference between the two?
Finish at home.
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