Due to to the aforementioned, it's important for us to learn the فقه of Wishes.
The 2nd and 4th person did not do anything, they merely wished. And their wishes made them equal to the 1st and 3rd person. This proves that we are accountable for our wishes - they could either be a means of attaining reward or a sin.
There are thoughts which pass our minds and do not establish themselves in our hearts. We won't be accountable for them. But we will be accounted for thoughts which we always think of and are established in our hearts.
E.g. A person was wronged by someone. He's always thinking of what he's going to say to that person and how he'll take revenge and what he'll do. He is accountable for these thoughts.
Based on the above Hadith, our wishes are of two kinds:
a) Praiseworthy Wishes
1) To wish for something good for the sake of Allah and the Aakhirah.
E.g. You can wish for lots of children, so that you can increase the Ummah, establish the religion, so that their righteousness will benefit you when you are in your grave, etc.
Evidence: Narrated by Ibn Masoud that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Do not wish to be like anyone, except in two cases: (1) A man whom Allah has given wealth and he spends it righteously. (2) A man whom Allah has given wisdom (knowledge of the Quran and the Hadith) and he acts according to it and teaches it to others." [Bukhari]
2) Take the means of fulfilling your wish
Show Allah truthfulness, have high resolutions, and if Allah brings the means of fulfilling your wish, take it and don't give excuses. And if you tried your best, but were unable to fulfill it, you'll get the reward in full.
Evidence: Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari said: We accompanied the Prophet ﷺ in an expedition when he said, "There are some men in Al-Madinah who are with you wherever you march and whichever valley you cross. They have not joined you in person because of their illness.'' In another version he said: "They share the reward with you.'" [Muslim]
E.g. You wish to acquire knowledge. Allah will bring the means as a test and make a center open next to your house. When the classes start you give yourself excuses and don't go. You don't take the means.
But if it happened that you really wanted to go and your husband didn't let you go - You have to obey your husband. You have a genuine excuse and Allah will reward you.
E.g. You wish to get up for Tahajjud prayer. Allah will make you open your eyes at that time, as a test. If you're truthful you'll get up and pray, and if you're lying you'll go back to sleep.
Allah will bring the means as test for your truthfulness.
3) It doesn't suit the believer to wish too much without taking the means to fulfill it.
When the Prophet ﷺ passed away, Abdullah Ibn Abbas was 14 years old. He said to an Ansaari friend of his, "The Prophet ﷺ has passed away, but a large number of the companions are still amongst us. Let's go and acquire knowledge from them"
His friend said, "Who's going to come to you for learning in the presence of these famous companions?"
Ibn Abbas wasn't discouraged. He went and searched and approached every single person who he thought might have heard something from the Prophet ﷺ. If he found a companion asleep, he would sit down at his gate waiting. Sometimes his face and body would be covered in dust, but he would keep sitting until they woke up, and he was able to reach them.
He kept doing this until one day his Ansari friend saw him teaching and people flocking to him to learn, and he remarked, "Abdullah Ibn Abbas has proven himself more sensible than us"
b) Blameworthy Wishes
> Wishing for something for the sake of fame, showing off, the Dunya, etc.
-> A person wishes to get the chance to commit something immoral, or sinful.
"كُتِبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ نَصِيبُهُ مِنَ الزِّنَى مُدْرِكٌ ذَلِكَ لاَ مَحَالَةَ فَالْعَيْنَانِ زِنَاهُمَا النَّظَرُ وَالأُذُنَانِ زِنَاهُمَا الاِسْتِمَاعُ وَاللِّسَانُ زِنَاهُ الْكَلاَمُ وَالْيَدُ زِنَاهَا الْبَطْشُ وَالرِّجْلُ زِنَاهَا الْخُطَا وَالْقَلْبُ يَهْوَى وَيَتَمَنَّى وَيُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الْفَرْجُ وَيُكَذِّبُهُ
Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messengers ﷺ said, "Allah fixed the very portion of adultery which a man will indulge in. There would be no escape from it. The adultery of the eye is the lustful look and the adultery of the ears is listening to voluptuous (song or talk) and the adultery of the tongue is licentious speech and the adultery of the hand is the lustful grip (embrace) and the adultery of the feet is to walk (to the place) where he intends to commit adultery and the heart yearns and desires which he may or may not put into effect."
-> A person wishes for something good, but when the means come he doesn't make an effort to fulfill his wish.
E.g. A man says I'll go for Hajj when I'm older, then I'll become righteous. Allah makes it easy for him to go for Hajj but he leaves the same person he was when he arrived. He didn't show truthfulness to Allah because he waited for the Hajj in order to change, as if the place changes people. No sudden change can happen to a person - YOU have to take the means of reformation. Don't wish for something and not take the means of fulfilling the wish.
E.g. Everyone wants the coming Ramadan to be different. They want to do their best. But they don't take any means. So they reach Ramadan and are energetic the first few days, but then later flop down. They didn't train themselves before Ramadan.
-> People wish for good things but have confidence in themselves in fulfilling that wish.
The hypocrites didn't rely on Allah or ask Him to help them. It's "I'll do this for sure" or "definitely" instead of إن شاء الله
Rely on Allah to help you fulfill your wishes.
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