The Permissible Actions towards Non-Muslims
1) It is permissible for them to work in our countries, without giving them authority over the Muslims.
The Prophet ﷺ hired a مشرك during the Hijrah as a guide, and used the Jews of Khaibar to work on the Farm - and they received half the harvest.
2) It is permissible for the Muslim to help the needy amongst the كفار, and their sick people.
In [2:195]:
3) If you have a كافر relative, it is recommended to join relations between them by giving them gifts, visiting them, etc, but don't take them as companions such that you perpetually are with them (with the exception of your parents) especially if you fear their فتنة. The non-Muslim has a right on you because he's your relative.
In [17:26]:
With regards to the parents, in [31:15]:
In [60:8]:
We can be good to them by giving them money, etc. We should be fair with them.
5) It is recommended to entertain the Kaafir guest, but it is not permissible to accept their invitation because there is showing love for them in doing that. And when you entertain the non-Muslim guest, do so without humiliating yourself to him. Lowering and humiliating yourself to them is Haraam and one of the Major sins.
6) It is permissible to eat with them during occasions without making it a habit.
7) It is permissible to deal with the Kaafir in worldly matters (such as doing business, selling, buying, etc)
The Prophet dealt with the Jews and bought from them.
And after the battle of Badr, the Prophet ransomed the prisoners in return that they teach the Muslim children reading and writing.
8) It is permissible for a Muslim man to marry a woman from the People of the Scriptures (Jews and Christians).
But there are conditions:
1) She should be chaste
2) He and his future children should be safe from her having an effect on their religion.
Due to this, it's not a recommended practice. It's better for the Muslim man and his future children that he marry a Muslim woman. Umar bin Khattab used to blame those who got married to non-Muslim women, and recommended that they divorce them. Mothers have more effect on the children than the father.
Evidence [5:5]
The Muslim man is not allowed to marry other than the Jewish and Christian woman, under the consensus of all the scholars. Otherwise his marriage is considered false - he's considered to have illegal relations between that woman, and all his children are considered illegitimate.
In [2:221]:
The Muslim woman is forbidden from marrying a non-Muslim.
9) It is permissible for the Muslims to seek the help of the كفار against people who transgressed against them. There are two conditions to be fulfilled:
1) They are forced to do that; they have no other means of repelling that harm.
2) They should be safe from the disbelievers plotting and harm, and the disbelievers shouldn't be given military leadership over the Muslims.
10) It is permissible for a Muslim to go to a non-Mulim doctor, if he's a trustworthy, good person.
11) It is permissible to pay the Zakat to المؤلفات قلوبهم - non-Muslims you want to endear Islam to.
In [9:60]:
12) It is permissible for a Muslim to partake with a non-Muslim in business, with the condition that the Muslim is the one supervising it. This is in order that nothing unlawful takes place.
13) It is permissible to accept a gift from a Kaafir (other than during their religious festivals - because it's related to their religious festival and indicates your approval of it) as long as the gift won't make you feel inferior towards them.
14) It is permissible for the Muslim to work under a company run by the disbelievers, as long as he's not humiliated, or working doing a personal service (i.e. being a servant) towards them. We shouldn't feel inferior to them.
[From تسهيل العقيدة الاسلامية by عبد الله بن عبد العزيز الجبرين]
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