In this day and age we need to study كتاب العتصام بكتاب و السنة more than ever, due to the amount of فتن that surround us. There's no way to be saved from these فتن except by holding fast to the Qur'an and Sunnah.
The Qur'an and Sunnah are جوامع الكلم. They are applicable to every situation, person, place, and time. صحيح البخاري contains over 7000 Hadiths, which if studied and applied in our lives, would be sufficient for us. We won't seek guidance from other ideologies or elsewhere.
This occurred after the death of the Prophet ﷺ. Some of the Arabs disbelieved and refused to pay Zakat, so Abu Bakr declared war against them. They said Zakat was not obligatory, unlike prayer, although they are both rights of Allah.
We have the same situation nowadays; people say لا اله الا الله and do what is contrary to Islam.
"...إلا بحقه..."
Abu Bakr understood this Hadith. The people's money and lives are protected when they say لا اله الا الله, unless they prevent a right. And when they refuse to pay Zakat, they prevent the right of Allah.
Benefits:
1) Umar رضي الله عنه sought to hold fast to the Qur'an and Sunnah. He didn't argue for a worldly reason or to show his superiority over Abu Bakr.
2) The person who seeks to hold fast to the Qur'an and Sunnah refers to it when he has discussions with people. Look at how these two companions disputed.
There's no need to talk a lot, just use the evidence. This prevents a lot of unnecessary arguments.
3) Those who follow the Qur'an and Sunnah encourage each other to hold fast to it. This is what we need and what our attitude should be. We need to remind each other, whilst giving evidences of قال الله and قال الرسول.
E.g. Don't just tell your child to do and not do. Tell them why, with proof from the Qur'an and Sunnah.
4) Abu Bakr didn't take proceed to take the action of fighting except while knowing the proof and understanding it. This teaches us that our opinions should be based on the understanding of the Hadith.
5) Abu Bakrs aim by fighting was to make the people act upon and hold fast to the Qur'an and the Sunnah. And so was Umars, when he brought forward the evidence to Abu Bakr.
6) When Umar saw that Allah had opened the chest of Abu Bakr to fight, he didn't become stubborn on his opinion. He immediately accepted the understanding of Abu Bakr without arguing. Whenever someone brings evidence with the correct understanding, we shouldn't show arrogance and instead follow them.
7) We should not put our opinion above Allah, the Prophet ﷺ, and the opinions of the companions. We are not better than them.
البخاري would put a single Hadith under different books and chapters in order to teach us that the Hadith has benefits suitable to that chapter.
This Hadith is also mentioned in:
كتاب الزكاة - باب وجوب الزكاة
(#1399)
To show us that giving Zakat is obligatory
كتاب الزكاة - باب أخذ العناق في الصدقة
(#1456, 1457)
To prove that you can give sheep for Zakat.
Uyaina was a Bedouin, who was known for his harshness as well as his courage. He embraced Islam during the Conquest of Makkah and participated in the battle of Hunayn. After the death of the Prophet ﷺ, he went apostate and was captured and taken to Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr asked him to repent to Allah and he repented.
The Prophet ﷺ said that Uyaina was "الاحمق المطاع"
"خد العفو"
Be easygoing with people and accept them for who they are. People are of different natures and dispositions; if you assign a person to a specific job they may not do it with perfection. Take whatever they give and accept it. Don't expect perfection from people.
Uyainah was harsh, foolish, and ignorant. AlHurr was telling Umar to accept him like that. Don't expect more from him.
In our lives we come across people who are rough and lack manners. خد العفو.
"و أمر بالعرف"
Advise them.
And if they don't listen:
"أعرض عن الجاهلين"
It's natural to react and be furious, but as soon as AlHurr mentioned this one verse, Umar desisted. He immediately followed the command of Allah without hesitance. The companions of the Prophet ﷺ were مقتدين; they obeyed and submitted regardless of the high status they held.
و كان وقّافا عند كتاب الله
The opposite of this is a معتدي. He goes beyond the Qur'an and Sunnah, overlooking its evidence, and following his desires.
This Hadith is also mentioned in:
كتاب التفسير - باب خذ العفو و أمر بالعرف و أعرض عن الجاهلين
(#4642)
Hisham was the grandson of Asmaa bint Abi Bakr.
The تسبيح is for Men and women should clap. In this case Ayesha said سبحان لله, because she was praying away from the men. - Ibn Uthaymeen
This Hadith is mentioned in:
- كتاب العلم in 10 positions.
One of which is:
كتاب العلم - من أجاب الفتيا بإشارة اليد و الرأس
(#86)
- كتاب الجمعة - باب من قال في الخطبة بعد الثناء: اما بعد
(#922)
In another narration, the Prophet said "اما بعد" before beginning his Khutbah.
- كتاب الكسوف - باب صلاة النساء مع الرجال في كسوف
(#1053)
To prove that men and women can pray together during an eclipse.
Relation between this Hadith and الاقتداء: "Muhammed ﷺ came with clear proofs and evidences and we responded and believed" -> This is the مقتدي.
"فيقال: نم صالحا، علمنا أنك موقن"
The مقتدي is موقن.
How can we reach the state of يقين?
1. التصديق. News will come to you. You will hear Hadiths, verses from the Qur'an, etc. You need to believe and accept the teachings.
2. Respond and follow it.
(In another narration of the same Hadith, the believer says, "I responded, believed, and followed.."
اليقين is of three degrees:
1. علم اليقين
E.g. You hear that honey is a شفاء for the first time. You search for evidences from the Qur'an and Sunnah and collect knowledge regarding it until this knowledge reaches a point where it becomes a fact. You become sure that this is true علم and not just something based on assumption.
You won't reach this state after hearing just one piece of information.
2. عين اليقين
You will go through practical situations in life where you act upon this knowledge.
E.g. It so happened that you got the flu. You used honey and were cured. Every time this happens you increase in عين اليقين, until you reach:
3. حق اليقين
You don't even have an atom of doubt that honey is a cure.
يقين starts with knowledge until it becomes well established in your heart. It takes time until you reach this state of certainty.
Knowledge is not one hearing. You may need to hear one thing repeatedly until you reach the state of يقين. The موقن is never satisfied hearing or learning the knowledge just once.
The مقتدي is موقن. As soon as he got the knowledge, he accepted the teachings, believed, followed, and acted. He showed obedience. He didn't just hear it, He lived it.
"سمعت الناس يقولون شيئا فقلته"
The hypocrite also heard this information, but it didn't reach his heart. He may talk but the information will have not exceeded his throat. His heart is in doubt. The place of his knowledge is his tongue, not heart, whereas the موقن's knowledge is in his heart and this affected his actions.
Ask yourself the following questions:-
-> How much knowledge has actually reached my heart?
-> How do I respond to the situations I go through? - Your response indicates what's in your heart. What's in your heart comes out during situations.
-> What are the sources of the information I hear and believe? - Is it قال الله و قال الرسول
Nowadays people search for knowledge from everywhere, then go to the Qur'an and Sunnah to find something which goes along with what they learn. They may even twist the evidence to do so.
-> I claim that I believe with certainty that the Prophet ﷺ is a Messenger, but how much time do I spend learning his Sunnah?
-> And more importantly, how much do I act upon it?
E.g. How many Hadiths do you study and act upon per week?
All people claim that they hold fast to the Qur'an and Sunnah. But you need to assess yourself in order to find out if you truly are a موقن. Truthfulness is something that's required from us.
The description of the مقتدي:
1. He loves the Prophet ﷺ
2. He respects and venerates the Prophet ﷺ
3. The Qur'an and Sunnah are sufficient for him
4. He puts effort to learn them
5. He acts with the intention of الاقتداء
6. He is وقاف عند كتاب الله
7. He always refers to قال الله و قال الرسول.
8. He is موقن
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