بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Continuation of the Characteristics of the Bearers of the Qur'an:-
He doesn't eat by the Qur'an
لا يتأكل بالقرآن
HADITH: Three types of people recite the Qur'an. The فاجر eats by means of the Qur'an (by using the verses to attain worldly things)
This has to do with the intention of the person.
The intention of the bearer of the Qur'an from the beginning until the end is the pleasure of Allah. He doesn't intend to gain money. If he gets something without asking for it, then it's fine.
E.g. A woman is in need for a certificate. She is advised to acquire Islamic knowledge and get a certificate. Her intention/motivation for learning was to get a job. To earn worldly things by using the Islamic knowledge or the Qur'an.
E.g. If she entered the program wanting to please Allah. She knows one of the best deeds with Allah is acquiring knowledge. In the end she got a certificate and this wasn't her intention. When she got a job and received the money this started to change her intention. Money may change the intention of the people.
She had to now repent to Allah because scholars say seeking worldly gain by doing the actions of the next world is minor shirk.
E.g. If she is a qualified good teacher and the centre needs her and she is not able to come for one reason or another, etc. You can give her money, not as a compensation for her teaching, but to enable her to come. There is no harm in giving her,
"There is a difference between a person who performs Hajj to take money and a person who takes money to perform Hajj" - Ibn Taymiyah
The former persons intention is worldly gain and is committing minor Shirk.
Don't use the Qur'an or religious knowledge to earn money. This is not its place.
Nor does he like his needs being fulfilled by way of it
Eg. A Sheikh teaches the youth the Qur'an. Next to the mosque there's a grocery shop. When the Sheikh goes to buy something, the owner of the shop gives him the things for free. And the Sheikh is pleased with this.
We have to deal with them the same as we deal with other people. We don't know how we can harm them. The Dunya can change the intention of the people. Don't be that person who changes the persons intention.
This is considered trading with the Qur'an. You are using the Qur'an as a matter of business.
Eg. You go to majlis and like the people to give him a place, a position, carry their bag, etc. We are not supposed to use the position with the people to fulfil our needs.
The Salaf used to hide from the people because they didn't want the people to know them. They were afraid of the deviation of their hearts. They sought the dignity with Allah, not with the people.
He neither runs with it to the sons of kings, nor sits amongst the rich so that they may honour him.
This is another kind of using the knowledge to gain worldly position with the people.
E.g. A person may open a centre and receives only a certain level of people. Or she only makes Da'wah to the noble people of the community.
You should not use the Qur'an to the notables in order to gain position or money. People are unaware that this is not right.
The حامل القرآن is afraid for himself.
If the people earn plenty from the world without understanding or perception, he earns little with understanding and knowledge.
He is pleased with little. He doesn't look for more and more.
This self sufficiency is lacking nowadays. Many people are after more and more earnings. This is the difference between the people and the حامل القرآن.
He is sure that there is nothing unlawful in that little. Even in that little there is understanding and knowledge.
HADITH: the real richness is the richness of the self.
What is the richness of the self?
This doesn't mean that he has a sufficient amount of money so that he doesn't need anymore. He is satisfied with the little he has, and he manages with it.
Richness according to the definition of people nowadays:-
Eg. A person goes for Hajj and is demanding. He spends his days upset because the bed isn't comfortable, and the food isn't what he used to eat, etc. He thinks of all this during Hajj, as if he is a deprived person. Although this person is very rich, that person is in excessive need. Excessive need of the comfort of this world. He can't live without these unnecessary worldly things. He takes three or four luggages of food and clothes, and comes back without having used or eaten half of it.
The real rich person:
Whatever he is given to sleep on, he sleeps. Whatever he is given to eat he eats. His luggage is light. He says الحمد لله for whatever he gets.
The حامل القرآن is self sufficient and does not demand or ask for more than what Allah has given.
If the provision is broadened for him, he will also broaden.
And if provision is tightened upon him, he will also tighten.
If Allah gives him 1000 dinar, he will give 100 or 200 in charity. If his income is less than he will give less in charity.
According to Allah's statement in (65:7)
He is content with little, so it suffices him. He bewares from the world that which will make him tyrannical.
He is cautious. He is content with whatever Allah gives him. He will not ask for what is not available. He doesn't not dream of being rich or having abundant wealth.
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The Hypocrites in سورة التوبة
This Surah talks about Jihad, disassociating from the مشركين, and was one of the last chapters that was revealed on the Prophet Muhammed.
The Prophet commanded the recorders of the Qur'an to put every verse in its position in the Surah, and he would know the end of the Surah by the revelation of the Basmallah.
He didn't command them to put بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم in between Surah Anfal and Taubah.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم entails safety, peace, and the Surah began with the negation of peace with the disbelievers.
It is also in agreement with the habit of the Arabs. Whenever they wanted to cancel a treaty, they would write a letter without an introduction or greeting.
Surah Anfal and Taubah are very similar in theme.
Allah is calling all the people, of all different religious and beliefs, to repent to Allah.
All Madani Surahs consist of the following topics:-
1) Mention of the Hypocrites
2) Mention of the disputes of the people of the scripture
3) Jihad and the virtue of Jihad
4) Human relationships during peace and war
5) Calling the people of the scriptures to Islam and mentioning the distortions of their books
6) The examples of the previous prophets and messengers with their people in order to be a lesson for the people of towns and deserts to correct their belief.
The end of the Surah:
Verse 128-129
The relation between the title, the beginning and end of the Surah:-
Allah is telling the Prophet in the beginning of the Surah that they are disassociating themselves from the Mushrikeen. Allah is telling the Prophet at the end that if they don't accept his call, disassociate yourself from them, and Allah is sufficient for you and able to support and give you victory over them.
Their repentance will not be perfect until they believe in the Prophet and accept his message and obey and follow him.
Divison of the Surah into parts:
1) The disassociation from the مشركين and the annulment of the peace treaty between them because they don't regard any ties of kinship nor respect treaties.
Verse 1-24
2) The Battle of Hunayn
Verse 25-27
3) The impurity of the مشركين and they are prevented from entering Masjid AlHaraam
Verse 28-35
4) The Sacred Months
Verse 36-37
5) The Battle of Tabuk, urging the believers for Jihad with their money and selves and warning against reluctance or showing laziness or lagging behind and the wrath of Allah and painful torment that will befall them in this world and next if they did so.
Verse 38-127
This is the one we'll be studying.
The battle of Tabuk was in the end of the year 9 and the beginning of year 10. After the conquest of Makkah, when Islam became prevalent, Heraclius became angry. He gathered his forces and contacted his Christian Arab allies to merge and conquer the Arabian peninsula. When the Prophet came to know of his plan, he declared war (and this was the first time he declared war). There were people who didn't participate, among them the hypocrites and among them the three companions whom Allah mentioned.
The Prophet proceeded towards Tabuk, Allah cast fear in the heart of the enemy, and Allah gave victory to the believers without any battle.
Allah mentions the attitude of the believers, the hypocrites, etc.
There were believers that came crying because they didn't have a mount. Some had an excuse stay behind. Ali was put in charge to take care of Madinah in the Prophets absence. And there were some who stayed behind without any excuse.
6) The Status of the Prophet
Verse 128-129
Shaykh bin Uthaymeen said, "Don't let any month pass by without contemplating the verses about the hypocrites. Because the person may fall into heedlessness which may make him fall into hypocrisy"
The four causes of hypocrisy mentioned in Surah alHadid is a cause for every description of hypocrisy mentioned in Surah Taubah.
Verses - Character - Cause - Dealing with Whom - Remedy
38-39
يأيها الذين ءامنوا ما لكم اذا قيل لكم انفروا في سبيل الله اثاقلتم الى الارض أرضيتم بالحياة الدنيا من الآخرة فما متاع الحياة الدنيا في الآخرة الا قليل
This is an enquiry. What does it indicate?
قيل لكم -> Told by whom
انفروا -> What is the wisdom behind saying this instead of جحاد?
اثاقلتم -> Intensive form of the word تثاقلتم
أرضيتم بالحياة الدنيا -> In the form of a question
Find the answers from Tafseer.
السعدي
It is as if Allah is asking, Why don't you act according to your belief? If you really are a believer you should respond to the call of the Prophet. This means that whoever doesn't respond, there is something wrong with their Eeman.
اثاقلتم - You adhered and are excessively inclined to the comfort of the Dunya so heavily.
أرضيتم بالحياة الدنيا من الاخرة? - This enquiry indicates the inferiority of this world.
When you scold or blame someone you may ask him a question in this form. It has more effect this way and puts guilt in their hearts.
All their efforts, concerns, revolve around the Dunya. When you did that you become like the person who is pleased with this world.
فما متاع الحياة الدنيا في الآخرة الا قليل
Don't you have mind to weigh matters? Which one deserved to be more preferred? The Dunya or the Aakhirah
How can you make the life of this world your utmost goal, directing all your efforts towards it?
You give your full effort to a world full of disturbance and pain, and on top of it all its short.
What made you prefer it over the everlasting delight, what no eye has seen, no ear has ever heard?
Then Allah threatens those who don't join Jihad:
الا تنفروا يعذبكم عذابا أليما و يستبدل قوما غيركم و لا تضروه شيئا والله على كا شئ قدير
The word تنفروا is repeated.
It is a major sin.
Why such a great punishment for not marching forth?
Due to the evil consequences of not doing so:-
1) Whoever lags behind has disobeyed Allah and violated Allah's prohibitions.
2) He didn't support the religion of Allah nor did he defend the book and law of Allah
3) He didn't help his Muslim brothers against their enemy who wants to eradicate their religion
4) Those whose faith is weak will stay behind as well and become disheartened and this will weaken the force of the Muslims
5) When those who already marched forth see that a lot of their people stayed behind they will feel disheartened.
In (47:38)
This is also called سورة القتال
Allah is not in need of us. Whether we carry out his command or not, Allah will support his messenger and religion. Allah is able to do anything.
How do we apply these verses to ourselves?
We are meant by every verse in ourselves.
-> What are the characteristics of the hypocrites, what is the cause, remedy, and how to apply it to ourselves <-
We are called into many other things beside Jihad. Apply it to every command. What is our response.
Some interpreters said انفروا means quick movement. نفرا.
Respond to the command of Allah quickly, don't lag behind or give excuses. As soon as you hear the command, go ahead and obey Allah.
Apply it to every command.
Verses 42-45 same way.
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